streptococcus scarlet fever
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StreptococcusScarlet Fever
Abi PetersJanuary 2009
Streptococcus
Genus of spherical, gram – positive, aerobic bacteria
Belongs to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group
Occur in pairs or chains Cellular division occurs along a
single axis → chains Name comes from a Greek
word which means easily bent or twisted like a chain
Transmitting Streptococcus
Direct contact from person to person: droplets of spray from the infected person or holding hands
Indirect contact: touching something that the infected person has touched and used like silverware
Entering The Body
Streptococcus usually enters the body through the mouth or nose traveling through the respiratory tract
It travels through the body and lays between the cells and the skin tissues in most cases
Then the bacteria produces a toxin that causes several infections to occur
Common Diseases
Strep throat Impetigo
Erysipelas Cellulitis
Necrotizing Fasciitis Wound Infections
Toxic Shock Syndrome Puerperal Fever Rheumatic Fever
Glomerulonephritis
Scarlet Fever
Infectious disease caused by streptococcus
The bacteria infects the throat, produces a toxin → scarlet fever
Originally called Febris Scarlatina – from Latin
Most common in children between two and ten
Once very serious but now easily treatable
Through the Ages
Some descriptions of scarlet fever date back to Ancient Greece about 2,500 years ago
Many historians and physicians wonder if the plague of Athens which broke out in 430B.C.E. was caused by an outbreak of group A streptococci
More descriptions found in the 10th century by Arab physicians
First detailed paper written in 1553 by Italian physician Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia who called the disease “rossalia”
Lethal Epidemics
1824 – Tours, France 1831 – Dublin, Ireland 1832 – 1833 – Georgia, United States
In some areas of England and the United States Scarlet fever was lethal and feared in the mid 1900’s. If someone became infected with scarlet fever they would be reported to the local police and hospital. They were usually quarantined as this sign from Connecticut says.
Thomas Sydenham (1624 – 1689)
English Physician Educated at the University of Oxford Differentiated scarlet fever and measles
Symptoms
Sore throatFever above 101ºFBright red tongue –
“strawberry color”Peeling of the skin
around the finger tips
The Rash
Appears 1-2 days after the toxin is released into the body and 12-48 hours after the fever
Starts on the neck and chest and spreads out over the body except over the face
Fine, tiny, red bumps “Sandpapery” texture Lasts for about a week and
then fades slowly - fading may take up to a month
Diagnosis
Blood culture is rarely positiveThroat culture is usually most successfulThe rash is also important in diagnosis –
the texture is more important than the look
George Fredrick Dick (1881 – 1967)
American bacteriologist and pathologist Earned his M.D. degree from Rush Medical
Collage in Chicago In 1924 Dick and his wife determined that scarlet
fever was produced by a toxin form the hemolytic streptococcus bacterium group by inoculating people with a strain of the bacteria
Then discovered an antitoxin for the disease
Treatment
George Fredrick Dick developed the vaccine in the 1920’s
Penicillin was then developed in the 1940’s
Lots of rest is the best treatment
A person with scarlet fever should not be infectious after 24 hours on antibiotics
This picture shows the lasting red checks that scarlet fever leaves for up to three months
Bibliography
Smith, Tara. Streptococcus(Group A). Deadly Diseases and Epidemics. 2005.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000974.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Scarlet Fever Streptococcus Gram Positive
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia Thomas Sydenham George Fredrick Dick Scarlet Fever Streptococcus
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