stratification by gender, ethnicity & age

Stratification byGender, Ethnicity & AgePRESENTED BY: DANA CALICA, BSLM-4A

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

Social Stratification is a system of structured

social inequality in which groups receive different

amounts of the society’s wealth, power and

prestige and arranged accordingly.

GENDER STRATIFICATION

GENDER STRATIFICATION

Gender is the patterning of difference and

domination through distinctions between women

and men. Gender roles are social constructions; they

contain self-perceptions and psychological traits, as

well as family, occupational, and political roles

assigned to each sex. Patriarchy is the term for forms

of social organization in which men are dominant

over women.

THEORIES

FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE

Suggests that gender inequalities exist as an efficient way

to create a division of labor, or as a social system in which a particularsegment of the population is clearly responsible for certain acts of

labor and another segment is clearly responsible for other labor acts.

THEORIES

CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE

Women are inferior to men in most cultures. Owner-worker

relationship can be also seen in household, with women assuming the

role of proletariat. This was due to women’s dependence on men for

the attainment of wages.

THEORIES

INTERACTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE

Gender stratification exists because people act toward

each other on the basis of the meaning they have for each other,

and these meanings are derived from social interaction.

GENDER STRATIFICATION

SEXISM

Discrimination against people based on their sex orgender, and can result in lower social status for women.

*Gender discrimination affects women’s employment and wealth.

ETHNIC STRATIFICATION

ETHNIC STRATIFICATION

Racial & Ethnic Stratification refers to systems of

inequality in which some fixed groups membership such as

race, religion, or national origin is a major criterion for

ranking social positions and their differential rewards.

ETHNIC STRATIFICATION

Race is socially defined on the basis of a presumed

common genetic heritage resulting in distinguishing

physical characteristics.

ETHNIC STRATIFICATION

Ethnicity refers to the condition of being culturally

rather than physical distinctive. Ethnic people are bound

together by virtue of common ancestry and a common

cultural background.

ETHNIC STRATIFICATION

Group rank is determined mainly on the basis of

distance from the dominant group in culture and physical

appearance. The system of ethnic stratification is a rank

order of groups, each made up of people with presumed

common cultural or physical characteristics interacting in

patterns of dominance and subordination.

ORIGINS OF ETHNIC STRATIFICATION

Ethnic Stratification is the product of contact between

previously separate groups. Initial contact may be in the form

of conquest, annexation, voluntary immigration, or involuntary

immigration. The manner in which ethnic groups meet is

decisive factor in explaining the shape of the system of ethnic

inequality that ordinarily ensues.

FORMS OF CONTACT

Conquest – a form of contact in which people of one society subdue all or part of another society and take on the role of the dominant group.

Annexation – a political occurrence in which a part or possibly all of one society is incorporated into another is annexation.

Voluntary Immigration - voluntary migration of people from one society to another.

Involuntary Immigration – involves the forced transfer of people from one society to another.

ETHNIC MINORITIES

4 Types of Ethnic Minorities:

►Pluralistic Minorities – seeking to maintain some degree ofseparation from the larger society.

►Assimilationist Minorities – aiming for full integration into the

dominant society.

►Secessionist Minorities – seeking political autonomy from the

dominant society.

►Militant Minorities – trying to establish dominance themselves.

AGE STRATIFICATION

AGE STRATIFICATION

Age stratification refers to the ranking of people into age

groups within a society. Age stratification is a major source

inequality, and thus may lead to ageism. Some of the

advantages of Age Stratification are labour force calculation,

estimating dependants, population growth estimation, forming

appropriate government policies & planning.

AGE STRATIFICATION

Age stratification exists because processes in society

ensure that people of different ages differ in their

access to society's rewards, power, and privileges.

AGEIST PREJUDICE

Ageist Prejudice is a type of emotion which is often linked to

the cognitive process of stereotyping. Types are:

Benevolent Prejudice – this usually involves older or younger people being pitied, marginalized or

patronized.

Hostile Prejudice – based on hatred, fear, aversion, or

threat often characterizes attitudes linked to race,

religion, disability and sex.

AGE DISCRIMINATION

Age Discrimination refers to the actions taken to deny or

limit opportunities to people on the bases of age. These are

usually actions taken as a result of one’s ageist beliefs and

attitudes. It occurs on both a persona; and institutional level.

EFFECTS

Ageism has significant effects on the elderly and young

people. The stereotypes of older and younger people by patronizinglanguage affects older and young people’s self-esteem and

behaviors. Most older people are told to be useless, thus they feel

dependent and they feel that they are non-contributing members of

society.

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