stimulants
Post on 23-Feb-2016
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BY ERIC & BEN
Stimulants
D.5.1
List the physiological effects of stimulants.
Physiological Effects
Raise levels of psychological or nervous activity in the body or alertness
‘Stimulate’ the mental or physical functionality
Physiological Effects of Stimulants Increased blood pressure or heart rate Constriction of arteries Sweating Dilation of pupils Reduced appetite
D.5.2
Compare amphetamines and epinephrine (adrenaline).
Amphetamines & Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
sympathomimetic drug
‘flight or fight’ reflex
sympathetic system which deals with the subconscious reflexes that otherwise would be provided by adrenaline.
Both structures contain a Benzene Ring and an amine functional group. This due to both compounds being derivations of the Phenethylamine
They differ in the type of amine they contain. As Amphetamine contains a primary amine group and Epinephrine contains a secondary amine group. The Epinephrine also contains 3 secondary alcohol groups.
Phenethylamine
D.5.3
Discuss the short- and long-term effects of nicotine consumption.
Nicotene
(S)-3-[1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridineMain ingredient in TobaccoMood altering
Stimulant Relaxing…?!?
Short &Long-term Effects of Nicotine Consumption
Long Term• Increased Risk of heart
disease• Increased Risk of coronary
thrombosis (blood clots)• Increased Risk of peptic
ulcers (excess acidity in stomach)
• Increased Risk of bronchitis and emphysema
• Cancer of the larynx and mouth
• Blood vessel disease
Short Term• Increased Heart-Rate• Increased Blood
Pressure• Reduced Urine output• Increased Alertness• Constricts blood
vessels
Activates sympathetic nervous system
Summary of Side Effects
Effects of Caffeine
D.5.4
Describe the effects of caffeine and compare its structure with that of nicotine.
Comparison of Nicotine & Caffeine
Similarities DifferencesContain Tertiary Amine Groups Six- and five-membered rings are
fused in CaffeineContain 6-membered ring (Pyridine) (Carbon & Nitrogen)
Caffeine contains 2 carbonyl groups (C=O
Contain 5-membered ring (Carbon & Nitrogen)
Caffeine contains 3 tertiary amines as opposed to 1 tertiary in Nicotine
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