stephen hill - how to live more sustainably: aligning personal and professional values
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“Delivering Better Places”
Design Skills Symposium 2011, Tollbooth, Stirling
Stephen HillC20 Futureplanners
How to live more sustainably?Aligning Personal and Professional Values
Stephen Hill, C2O futureplanners
Dare to be in – subordinate !
Shelley McNamara, Grafton ArchitectsWhat would be your dream commission?
Design is only one component
Something like Ilôt 13 in Geneva, which developed organically with a mixture of squatters, students, cooperatives and private sector housing, new and old.
The way a project is commissioned determines the outcome.
Les Grottes
“Unhealthy and unsuitable for the imperatives of modernity of a growing city”
1977 Referendum halts city councilplans…“the inhabitants havingdemocratically invited themselves to the decision-makers table.”
“…doomed to integral destruction”
“Instead of blocking inadequate projects, the inhabitants become genuine actors…”
Europan 1991Ilôt 13
Atelier 89
“More participative, and ecological approaches…suppress the car parking…new housing… workspace… cultural centre”
“…half the cost of classic retrofits.”
Exhibition Road, London
"When we invested in a place… it becomes alive”
DIY Solar Panels…catalyst for the country
The Big Society
…. everyone has a stake based on equal rights and where they pay their dues by exercising responsibility in return, and where local communities shape their own futures.
“Too much has been imposed from above, when experience shows that success depends on communities themselves having the power and taking the responsibility.
It’s no good officials in Whitehall or even the Town Hall telling people what is needed in their street.”
BUT…it w
asn’t h
im, it
was
…
“I want to spark a… !!!
A bottom up revolution ….
from the top…
with support from the highest levels of government…
Neighbourhood planning and Community Right to Build
Do something unprecedented… We are too used to
accepting the boundaries we ourselves have created...
Greatest task will be convincing people they exist at all…
Change the
culture…
The Bill is not enough…
What makes a good sustainable neighbourhood?
“A wonderful place to grow up”Colin Ward
Design Paradox:Ye Olde Placemakynge and Spatial Plannyng…
“The exceptional urban and environmental qualities we esteem in many of our older cities were achieved with a very modest input of resources, and by a careful and evolving response to the needs of their inhabitants.”Ralph Erskine, Architect
“Specifying in a planthat developmentmust be sustainable isno more useful asguidance to a developerthan describing a pieceof music as beautifultells us anything about
what it sounds like”
Design Conundrum: Do it like I say…
Rob Cowan - The Dictionary of Urbanism
“We must learnto see that
everyproblem thatconcerns us…always leads tothe question ofhow we live”Wendell Berry "Solving for pattern – finding solutionsthat solve multiple problems”
Design Solution: Do it like we do…
“We haven’t done enough on the design…
that’s a major area for improvement” (John Prescott)
Why are we so pre-occupied with “design”?
CONTROL !
Landowner Control “Vision for Britain”
Poundbury Design Guide• Stretcher bond…not permitted • Soldier arches…not allowed • Shiplap boards...not permitted• Parking of caravans, boats or
trailers…not allowed• There shall be no flat roofs• Permission will not be given to
demolish chimneys• Windows with asymmetric
subdivision…not permitted• Bathroom windows should not
be obscured or patterned glass• Woven panels of wooden
fencing…not allowed
“Judicious mixing (of chimney pots) will give a feeling of the collective roofscapes having evolved”
“Windows and doors shall be built entirely of timber”
Public Interest Control
Design Code143 pages
You can have any house you like…providing it’s…
BLUE !
“…uniformly depressing” Another developer
“It’s like Beirut…” Germaine Greer in the Guardian, September 2009
Score analysis: Kickstart funded schemes (136)
9%
10%
27%
54%
Very Good (16+) Good (14-15.5) Average (10-13.5) Poor (0-9.5)
House builder5 or more schemes submitted
Total SchemesSubmitted
[66% All]
Scores>10
Scores< 10
Scores >14
Barratt 32 9 23 2Bellway 24 7 17 3Bovis 8 2 6 0Countryside 11 6 5 3Crest Nicholson 6 2 4 1Galliford Try 14 8 6 6Gentoo [HA] 9 2 7 0Gladedale 5 1 4 0Keepmoat 12 4 8 2Lovell 6 5 1 2Miller 8 1 7 1Persimmon 26 1 25 1Swan New Homes [HA] 5 2 3 1Taylor Wimpey 6 0 6 0TOTAL 172 50 122 22Urban Splash 4 4 0 3
LPA5 or moreschemes
TotalScheme
sEntered
Score>10
Score< 10
Score >14
Low ScoringHouse
builders <10
High ScoringHouse
Builders >14
Birmingham City
9 4 5 1 Bellway/Miller/Persimmon
Co. Durham[New
Unitary]
5 0 5 0 Barratt/Keepmoat
Leeds City 6 6 0 4 Barratt/Bellway
Miller/Urban Splash
Liverpool City 8 4 4 3 Bellway/LovellManchester
City7 6 1 3 Lovell
Northumberland
[New Unitary]
3 0 3 0 Barratt/Gentoo
Rochdale 6 4 2 0 PersimmonSolihull 7 2 5 0 Bellway
[all 7 schemes]Stockton-on-
Tees6 1 5 0 Bellway/
Gladedale/Keepmoat/
BarrattWarrington 5 0 5 0 Barratt/
Miller/Persimmon
Freiburg: Co-producing Design and values for living
Smiley West• Local Authority arms length enabling company• Recruit and support 10 ‘building groups’ • Masterplan and design code • Construction management• 7.5 acre/3 hectare site• 190 homes – 65+ dwellings/hectare
Karlsruhe Nordstadt
“Thank goodness, it’s not Vauban”
Managed co-production
Family Passivhaus group
A grown up politics of design… ‘Secure by Living Together’
Barrier free group
Lower cost family group
High value detached and semi-detached villas
Mid-market family group
“Managing our co-existence in shared space” Prof. Patsy Healey – Definition of Spatial Planning
Coop Mika Smiley BarracksKarlsruhe
Self-refurbishment: Flats for family and single people
Mixed uses and community facilities
Diversity and maturity in mainstream politics and housing markets - Germany
Tübingen Südstadt
Karlsruhe, Hamburg, Leipzig….
Project Vauban, Freiberg
The Tübingen way…Co-production of shared space
The English way…space as commodity
Trust…in the design code…
This is all there is …andco-production through dialogue
How many pages does your Design Code have?
Alternative public practice• Pelham Grove Coop N17• The Game>>Planning for
Real• Brief: “not look like a
council house”
40 years on-Sanford Coop, Railway Cuttings,Lewisham…60% cut in CO2
Resident controlled market housingThe Ralph Erskine Test of time, and skills and ideas we have lost
The Hall and Hallgate, Blackheath 1957
The trouble with planners is…The Architect in Society, Keith Godwin
SPAN Housing at Corner Green…
…50 years on
“Resident-controlled management companies may sound dully utilitarian, but have been crucial to their success.” Tony Aldous, former resident and architectural writer
“My particular interest was the formation of the courtyard which I thought was a dead space. [It] is not a dead space. It is actually circulation”Eric Lyons
Wesley Square Co-ownership, North Kensington
Community and Private Self-buildDETR Housing Design Award citation:• “ a microcosm of what could be
achieved on other sites all over the country by harnessing the imagination and skills of ordinary people.”
• “that indefinable quality which marks out the outstanding from the excellent
Sussex Road, London N19 1999
The Diggers, Brighton 1998
Ashley Vale BfL Gold Award 2010• 37 homes with affordable business space…started in 2002. • Built on a former scaffold yard.• Grew from local opposition to original redevelopment proposals• Urban sites with “a rural feel” with a nature reserve.• Site layout “creates pleasant, friendly public spaces”• “Relatively high levels of parking are balanced by a home zone
approach…to create attractive streets that feel safe for pedestrians.”
Old people look after themselves… HAPPIer and cheaper than the council
Tenant Management Coop
355 Queensbridge Rd
Springhill Co-housing Stroud
“Not my weeds…you mean our weeds!”
“Weirdy…they are not normal.” Ward Councillor (from the Big Society Party) at Planning Committee
Definitely not normal…
Threshold Centre, DorsetFirst HCA grant funded mixed tenure co-housing with Synergy Housing
Shared facilities include:• The stone farmhouse for visiting
guests, and shared meals • 1 acre community market garden• Laundry• Car pool
Commitments for all residents: • 4 hours per week of unpaid time to
help look after the shared facilities, and do cooking
• 1 car and 1 pet per household• Paying share of the running costs
of shared facilities• Before taking up residence,
spending up to 4 nights here, for the new resident and community to get to know each other.
Joint Venture Self DevelopmentHearthstone Co-housing N. Denver, Colorado
33 leasehold houses and flats with a 4,800 sq. ft. common house on a 1.6 acre site.
The community was the JV first phase of a ‘new urbanist’ redevelopment in the historic North Denver neighbourhood.
The model for Community Right to BuildCornwall CLT Programme 2007 17 villages – 120+ homes
Unique partnerships…enabling district councils, theircommunities, Carnegie UK Trust,and an RSL
Blisland CLT on Bodmin MoorDefin
itely not n
ormal…
St. Minver CLT Average house price £650,000Market value £350,000Cost including land £120,000
12 houses 12 monthsOn time – On budget
A social movement ?Voluntary taxation?Or just compliance with policy for affordability ‘in perpetuity’ ?
Definitely not normal…
Spatial Planning & Placemaking Outcomes• Community membership and
ownership• All incomes and tenures• Medium and high density• Value for money• Long term stewardship• Life in the space between the
buildings• Social Capital for the care of
the place and people• Resident satisfaction and
wellbeing • Sustainable living and
resilience through social organisation
Material Considerations?
Definitely not normal…
Big Placemaking…
Nice design… but how do you actually make the place?
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 31
Phase 31
Completing the vision…
• Building centres and along connections
• Diversity of housing provider
• Early adopter movement patterns
• Interim Uses & Services• Town utilities• Backfill spaces in
between• Roles of new residents• Spaces left over for
possibilities
Design Leadership doesn't equal control
Co-production… or making places with communitiesNew (old) ideas:• Culture, Skills
and Competence• Control and
Accountability• Scale• Mixed economy
- Self-help - Social Enterprise - Commercial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjrIVjSK6oA
Values into action“Planning is not avalue free activity. Planners have tounderstand howtheir values affect thechoices they make inboth choosing how tolook at an issue, andhow to turn theresults into reality”
Prof. Bill PetermanNeighbourhood Planning and Community Based Development 2000
“Cities have thecapability of
providingsomething foreverybody, only because and only when, they arecreated by
everybody.”Jane Jacobs in ‘Life and Deathof Great American Cities’
Value norms…
Fitting the place to the people• “People learn from each other
about their own creative powers”Jacobs: The Economy of Cities
• Ordinary people overcome everyday constraints on living, by:- adapting- improvising- transforming- trial and errorHamdi: The Placemakers Guide to building communities
• “There is a positive function of disorder in cities – energy and lack of control go hand in hand” Sennett on Jacobs
Planning as debate and co-production
• Loose fit masterplans and design codes
• Planning for Possibilities and Adaptivity
• Creative use of present and past planning techniques
• Culture change in planning…different tasks
• Formal process of “design” ends
• Design as “living” begins
• Scale and Identity • Intimacy of place
and people• Loud and quiet
architecture • Unlocking creativity
More than ticking theboxes…
Design Leadership?
Being a professional
“It is no longer possible for us to masquerade as disinterested, or objective professionals, applying our techniques with equal ease to those clients we agree with, as well as to those we disagree with. We are, in effect, the client for all our projects, for it is our own society we are affecting through our actions.” (1972)
The magic of
design…time to
break free from the
spell
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