status of the brt industry
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Status of the BRT IndustryDario Hidalgo
Luis Gutierrez
Luis A. Lindau
EMBARQ, The WRI Center for Sustainable Transport
BRT-ALC Center of Excellence Meeting
Washington DC, January 25, 2010
BRT in numbers 2010
120 cities with BRT Systems and Bus Corridors
280 corridors
4,335 km
6,683 stations
30,000 buses
26.8 million passengers per weekday 1% of the world´s urban population (2010)
1.4 times the combined population of New York and Newark (2010)
Rapid growth of BRT Systems and Bus Corridors in 2010, specially in developing cities
16 cities started operations in 2010 (13% growth)
China (4), Indonesia (4), Colombia (2), India, Thailand, Mexico, Perú, UK, Canada
21 corridors; 396 km; 464 stations; 2,047 buses
1.4 million passengers per weekday (5% growth)
7 cities expanded corridors in 2010, 125 km
49 new cities with corridors under construction
16 cities expanding their corridors
31 new cities in planning stages
Iteresting developments 2010
Government Agencies – moving from corridors to integrated systems – e.g. Santiago, Sao Paulo, Bogota, León
Growing Public Private Partnerships PPP for systems operation
Increased support from the national level - programs in Mexico, Colombia, India, Indonesia, France, US
Interest of manufacturers in BRT, new buses from India, Indonesia and China - complement the high bus production of Brasil
Fare collection, control, user information systems technologies consolidated
Salient issues
Poor understanding on what is BRT
Institutional and financial risks – poor contracting, institutional set ups and fare level definition mechanisms
“The bus industry needs a ‘wake-up’ call. The opportunities are extensive, but the industry is far too traditional (often complacent), often lacking lateral thinking and not pro-active enough.” Hensher D. “A bus-based transitway or light rail? Continuing the saga on choice versus blind commitment” Road & Transport Research, Vol 8 No 3 September 1999.
Strong preference by decision makers for rail alternatives without adequate alternatives analyses
Hot debates in Curitiba, Bogotá, Quito, Lima, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Washington DC, Sydney…
What is a Bus Rapid Transit System?
Photo: Karl Fjelstrom - ITDP
“Is a flexible, rubber-tired form of rapid transit that combines stations, vehicles, services, running ways and ITS elements into an integrated system with strong identity”TCRP Report 90 – Bus Rapid Transit – Volume 2: Implementation Guidelines 2003
“It is a high quality public transport system, oriented to the user that offers fast, comfortable and low cost urban mobility” BRT Planning Guide – ITDP, 2007
What is a Bus Rapid Transit System?
This or (and) this?
Component “High End” BRT – “Supply Side”
Running Ways
• Complete or at least Longitudinal Segregation
Traffic Engineering
• Geometric Adjustments (high speed and safety)• Left and Right Turn Controls• Traffic Signal Priorities for Buses• Modern Traffic Signal Technology
Stations• Enclosed Facilities• Level Boarding and Prepayment• Passing Lanes (when required)
Vehicles• Multiple doors• Easy Boarding/Alighting• Low Emissions
Services• Mixed services (local, accelerated, express; short loops)• Designed according to the service needs
ITS• Automatic Vehicle Location/Centralized Control• Traffic Signal Priority• Electronic Fare Collection/Fare Integration
Adapted fromTCRP Report 90 – Bus Rapid Transit – Volume 2: Implementation Guidelines 2003
Component “High End” BRT – “Performance Side”
Quality of Service • High User Acceptance
Travel Time• Easily Accessible • Low waiting time• High commercial speed
Reliability• Low variability (intervals, speeds)• Low breakdowns, incidents
Comfort
• Acceptable Occupancy Levels (buses, platforms)• Good user information • Seamless integration with other transport modes• Perception of safety and security
Cost• Relative low capital and operational costs• High capital and operational productivity
Externalities
• Low level of accidents (fatalities, injuries)• Low emissions• Congestion relief (attraction of motor vehicle users)• Increased land values
About 120 cities with BRT or busways26.8 million passengers per weekday
280 corridors4,335 km6,683 stations30,000 buses
New Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors 2010
Name Corridors Km Stations Buses Passengers/Weeday
Guangzhou BRT, China 1 22.5 26 800 800,000 Hefei BRT, China 2 12.7 14 65 65,250 Yancheng BRT, China 1 8.0 21 20 20,000 Zaozhuang BRT, China 1 33.0 24 20 20,000 Jaipur Bus, India 1 7.1 10 20 6,200 Trans Hulonthanlangi, Indonesia 3 90.0 84 15 1,920 Tans Musim, Indonesia 2 60.0 69 15 1,920 Batik Solo Trans, Indonesia 1 30.0 35 15 1,920 Bangkok BRT, Thailand 1 15.9 12 20 10,000 East London Transit, UK 1 20.0 40 18 9,000 Corredor de Ônibus de João Pessoa, Brasil 1 2.5 5 111 100,000
Transmetro, Barranquilla, Colombia 1 13.4 15 92 32,000 Metrolinea, Bucaramanga, Colombia 1 8.9 24 131 75,000 Mexibus, Estado Mexico, Mexico 1 16.0 32 63 63,000 Metropolitano, Lima, Perú 2 27.0 35 627 160,000 Züm, Bradford, Canada 1 28.5 17 15 7,500
Guahazhou BRT, China
•Opened February 10, 2010•22.5 km dedicated busway•26 stations (prepayment, level boarding – some buses, passing lane, up to six platforms)•Peak supply: 340 buses/hr/direction•40 routes (in and out the system, no transfers)•Peak demand: 26,900 passengers/hr/direction•Daily demand: 800,000 pax/per weekday
Photo by Benjamin
Source: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/guangzhou.aspx#
Hefei BRT, China
• Operations started 18 Jan 2010
• 2 Corridors• 12.7 km busway (15 km total)
• 14 stations• Peak supply: 60 buses/hr
• Commerical Speed 16 km/h
• Fleet: 65 buses (estimated, conventional buses 12 m)
• Ridership: 65,250 pax/day (estimated)
Photo: Karl Fjlestrom, ITDPSource: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/hefei.aspx#
Mexibús, Estado México, México
• Initial operation Nov 30, 2010
• 16 km exclusive busway (Ciudad Azteca-Tecamac)
• 21 stations• 3 terminals• 130,000 pax/day
(expected)• Proyected expansions
2011• 21 km (Lechería-Las
Américas)• 14 km (Chinalhucán-
Pantitlán)
Photo: http://transeunte.org/tag/mexibus/
Source: http://transporteinformativo.com/pasaje/inicia-operaciones-mexibus-con-63-autobuses-articulados-volvo
Jaipur Bus, Jaipur, India• Operations started 31 July 2010• Route reorganization• 10 routes• 352 line-km• 497 bus stops• 200 buses • 150,000 pax/day
•Busway • Length 7.1 km • 10 stations• 20 buses• 2,000 pax/day
• Busways plan 42 km
Photos: http://www.jaipurjda.org/page.aspx?pid=69Info: EMBARQ India and http://www.jaipurbus.com/route_map.html
Yancheng BRT, China
• Operations started May 1, 2010
• 1 corridor• 8 km dedicated busway (15 km total)
• 21 stations• 20 BRT buses (12 m)• 30 feeder buses• Estimated ridership 20,000 pax/day
Photos and Source: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/yancheng.aspx#
Zaozhuang BRT, China
•Started Operations August 1, 2010 (Commercial operation September 1, 2010)
•1 Corridor, 33 km•24 stations•2 terminals•20 buses (estimated)•27 buses/hour•700 pax/hour/direction•20,000 pax/day•30 km/h commercial speed
Source: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/zaozhuang.aspx#
Bangkok BRT, Thailand
• Free operations started May 15, 2010
• Commercial operations started September 1, 2010
• 15.9 km median busway (Sathorn-Ratchaphruek)
• 12 stations• 20 buses, conventional high floor, 1 wide door
• Peak ridership 1,000 pax/hr• Peak buses 14/hour• Daily ridership 10,000 pax/day
• Fare 10 baht (USD 0.33)
Photo and information source: http://www.tour-bangkok-legacies.com/bangkok-brt.htmlAdditional source: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/bangkok.aspx#
East London Transit, UKFebruary 2010. Two Routes (EL1, EL2)
12 buses per hour
47 min trip time
Approximate 20 Km, 40 stops, About 18 buses, 9,000 pax/day
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wirewiping/4382063978/sizes/m/in/photostream/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_London_Transit
http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/2123.aspx
Corredor de Ônibus de João Pessoa, Brasil
•Started operations in 2010
•1 corridor•2.5 km•5 stations•111 buses•100,000 passengers per weekday
http://www.afonteenoticia.com.br/pagina.php?pg=3&id_noticia=1278
Transmetro, Barranquilla, Colombia
• Opened 10 July 2010• 13.4 km dedicated busway• 15 Stations (prepayment,
level boarding)• 1 intermediate station, • 1 terminal 32.7 km auxiliary
corridors (62 km planned)• Buses:
• 92 articulated (18m)• 85 large conventional (15m)• 107 conventional feeder (12m)
• Daily demand• 32,000 pax (305,000 expected
when fully implemented)
Photo via transmetro.gov.co
Sources: http://transmetro.gov.co/web2010/Ministry of Transport, Mass Transit Group, Oct 2010
Metrolínea, Bucaramanga, Colombia
•Opened 21 December 2009•Commercial operation 22 January 2010•8.9 km trunk corridor•7.7 auxiliary corridors (25.2 km plan.)• 24 stations (level boarding, prepayment)•80.1 km feeder lines•Buses• 15 Articulated• 47 Large Conventional 15m
(203 plan.)• 69 Conventional feeder (150
plan.)
• Ridership: 75,000 pax/dayPhoto: http://www.metrolinea.gov.co/
Source: Ministry of Transport, Mass Transit Group, Oct 2010
Metropolitano, Lima, Peru
• Initial Operation, May 2010
• 27 km busways, 80% with overtaking at stations
• 35 stations, one large central underground station, two terminals
• 308 articulated buses• 319 feeder buses• 82,000 pax/day south
section (854,000 pax/day expected)
• 21 km/hour commercial speed
Photo: Protransporte, Lima, May 2010
Source: Menckhoff, G., Ochoa, C., Ardila, A. “El Metropolitano de Lima: Implementación y Primeros Resultados de un Nuevo Sistema BRT” CLATPU, Octubre 2010
Züm, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
•Operations Started September 20, 2010
•28.5 km busway•17 stations•25 buses, low floor, 25 m• Two additional corridors planned for 2011-2012
Sources: http://www.brampton.ca/en/residents/transit/zum/Pages/welcome.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCm
Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brampton_Zum_1074b.JPG
Systems expansions 2010Name City Expansion (growth)
Transjakarta Jakarta, Indonesia +48 km (34%)
BRT Teheran Teheran, Iran +21km (31%)
Janmarg Ahmedabad, India +20 km (105%)
Select Bus New York City +14 km (121%)
Xiamen BRT Xiamen, China +11 km (28%)
Hangzhou BRT Hangzhou, China +6 km (46%)
Optibús León, México +5 km (19%)
125 km 3% increase over existing km in 2009
Region Country 49 Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors under Construction Dec 2010
Africa(3)
Ghana (1) Accra (Ghana),
South Africa (2) Cape Town, Nelson Mandela Bay
Asia(12)
India (6) Surat, Indore, Bhopal, Vishakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Rajkot
Jordan (1) Amman
Korea, Republic (1) Changwon
Turkey (1) Kocaeli (Izmit)
Europe(23)
France (20) Annenasse, Antibes-Sophia Antipolis, Cannes, La Rochelle, Lille, Lyon, Metz, Nancy, Nice, Nimes, Perpignan, Rennes, Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Etienne, Saint-Nazaire, Saint-Pierre-de la-Reunion, Sait-Paul-de-la-Reunion, Toulouse, Tours, Valenciennes
Italy (1) Bologna,
UK (2) Cambridge, Leigh-Salford-Manchester
Latin America and the Caribbean(10)
Argentina (1) Buenos Aires
Colombia (3) Cartagena, Medellín, Soacha
México (1) Monterrey
Panamá (1) Panamá City
Paraguay (1) Asunción
Perú (1) Arequipa
Puerto Rico (1) San Juan
Venezuela (1) Barquisimeto
USA and Canada (9)
USA (9) Albany (NY), Austin (TX), Berkeley (CA), Fort Collins (CO), Grand Rapids (MI), Roaring Forks Valley (CO), San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco (CA), Seattle (WA)
Region Country 16 Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors under Expansion December 2010
Africa (1) South Africa (1) Johannesburg
Asia(4)
India (3) Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Pune
Iran (1) Teheran
Latin America and the Caribbean(10)
Brasil (5) Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Recife, Salvador
Colombia (2) Bogotá, Cali
Guatemala (1) Guatemala City
México (2) León, México City
USA and Canada (1)
USA (1) New York City (NY)
Region Country 31 Cities Planning BRT/Bus Corridors December 2010
Africa (11)
Ethiopia (1) Addis Abeba
Kenia (1) Nairobi
South Africa (7) Tshwane (Pretoria), Bloemfontein, Durban (eThekwini), East London, Ekurhuleni, Polokwane, Rustemburg
Tanzania (1) Dar es Salaam
Uganda (1) Kampala
Asia(4)
China (5) Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Wuxi, Xi'an
Mongolia (1) Ulan Bator
Europe (2) UK (2) Bath-Sommerset, Glasgow
Latin America and the Caribbean(12)
Brasil (3) Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro, Uberlandia
Colombia (1) Cúcuta
Ecuador (1) Cuenca
El Salvador (1) San Salvador
México (6) Chihuahua, Chimalhuacan, Guadalajara, Mexicali, Oaxaca, Tijuana
Oceania Australia Brisbane (expansion)
USA and Canada (2)
USA (2) Chicago, IL; Santa Clara, CA
Latin American Association Agencies in
control of BRT and Integrated Bus Systems –
ALASIBRT
http://www.embarq.org/en/modernizing-public-transportation
Filename/RPS Number
What Went Wrong• Rushed implementation – several components
incomplete
• Very tight financial planning – non technical user fares, some systems at risk
• Very high occupancy levels (160 pax/bus standard for articulated buses is not accepted by the users)
• Early deterioriation of infrastructure (lack of road surface reinforcement or problems in design/construction)
• Implementation of fare collection systems requires longer time tables and very tight supervision
• Insufficient user education
Common problems
Information needs on the BRT Industry Stakeholder maps
Government Agencies
Operators
Bus providers
Technology providers
User associations
NGOs
Academia
Market size and projections BRT and bus corridor atlas (cities, km, stations, buses, types of interventions, fare revenues, subsidies, capital and operation, issues)
Comparative analysis, projections
Outstanding issues
What is BRT or types of BRT
Comparisson with alternatives
Case studies – technical, institutional, financial, regulatory
Collaborations – agencies, providers, NGOs, academic institutions
¡Muchas Gracias!
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