standard 2 – exam review $100 the chemistry of life macromolec ules & transport cell structure...
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Standard 2 – Exam Review
$100
The Chemistry
Of Life
Macromolecules
& Transport
Cell Structure
& FunctionMetabolism
Cell Growth& Division
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Final Jeopardy
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• What are 4 common elements found in a cell?
• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Phosphorus• Sulfur
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■ A water molecule is held together by a _________ bond while many water molecules are held together by _________ bonds
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■ A water molecule is held together by a _________ bond while many water molecules are held together by _________ bonds
■ Covalent Bond■ Hydrogen Bond
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■ List one property of water and describe its importance to life on earth
■ Ice density – allows ice to float, keeping aquatic systems alive
■ Specific heat – maintains homeostasis in cells
■ Adhesion/Cohesion – capillary action moves water up through plants
■ Surface tension – animals can stand on water
■ Solvent – water is able to dissolve many polar substances
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■ A biology class measured the pH of different solutions during an investigation. The data are recorded below. Which solution was the most basic?– Lemon juice: 2.5– Water: 6.3– Saltwater: 8.3– Soap: 10.0
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■ A biology class measured the pH of different solutions during an investigation. The data are recorded below. Which solution was the most basic?– Lemon juice: 2.5– Water: 6.3– Saltwater: 8.3– Soap: 10.0
■ Soap with a pH of 10.0
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■ Enzymes are biological __________ that ___________ the rate of chemical reactions
■ Catalysts■ Speed up
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■ Identify 2 different macromolecules and describe the function of each in the cell.
■ Carbohydrates – quick energy■ Proteins – enzymes, structural support■ Lipids – cell membrane, stored energy■ Nucleic Acids – contain genetic information
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■ List TWO macromolecules and identify a specific monomer and polymer associated with each
■ Carbohydrate- monosaccharide, glucose, fructose → starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose
■ Lipid- triglyceride, phospholipid → cell membrane, fats, oils
■ Protein- amino acid → protein, enzyme, polypeptide
■ Nucleic Acid- nucleotide → DNA, RNA
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■ Proteins and other large molecules are brought into the cell by a type of active transport called
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■ Proteins and other large molecules are brought into the cell by a type of active transport called
■ Endocytosis
■ All eukaryotic cells contain two main parts, they are the nucleus and the ____________.
■ Cytoplasm
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■ Plants, algae, and some bacteria are able to produce their own food from inorganic compounds which makes them all _____________.
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■ Plants, algae, and some bacteria are able to produce their own food from inorganic compounds which makes them all _____________.
■ Autotrophs
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■ What specialized pigment is found within they thylakoids of chloroplasts and is able to absorb light energy to use during photosynthesis?
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■ What specialized pigment is found within they thylakoids of chloroplasts and is able to absorb light energy to use during photosynthesis?
■ Chlorophyll
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■ Fermentation is an ___________ process and produces __________ in humans.
■ Anaerobic■ Lactic Acid
5 - $300■ If a cell in G1 phase has 5 chromosomes
and then goes through S phase (DNA synthesis) how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis and cytokinesis?
5 - $300■ If a cell in G1 phase has 5 chromosomes
and then goes through S phase (DNA synthesis) how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis and cytokinesis?
■ 5 chromosomes
5 - $400■ During S phase chromosomes are copied
and sister _____________ are produced. These are held together at the _____________.
5 - $400■ During S phase chromosomes are copied
and sister _____________ are produced. These are held together at the _____________.
■ Chromatids■ Centromere
5 - $500■ The cell cycle describes the life activities
of a cell. Which of the following describes the cycle of a typical cell?A. Resting stage → mitosisB. Mitosis → resting stage → reduction stageC. Growth → preparation for mitosis → mitosisD. Cell formation → growth → resting stage →
mitosis
5 - $500■ The cell cycle describes the life activities
of a cell. Which of the following describes the cycle of a typical cell?A. Resting stage → mitosisB. Mitosis → resting stage → reduction stageC. Growth → preparation for mitosis → mitosisD. Cell formation → growth → resting stage →
mitosis■ C – Growth → preparation for mitosis →
mitosis
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