springer nature — lab culture survey 1. methodology

SpringerNature—Labculturesurvey.

1. Methodology

Afterconsultationswithscientistsandresearch-integrityexperts,Nature’seditorialteampreparedasurveytoexplorecurrentperceptionsoflabculture,andthecontributionitmakestoscientists’abilitytoundertakehigh-qualityresearch.Aquestionnaire–availablebelow–waspilotedonadozenorsoscientistsbeforebeingsenttomorethan250,000Naturereadersonvariouse-maillists,andpromotedonsocialmedia,from31Januaryto19February2018.Respondentswereofferedentrytoaprizedrawtowina£100/US$150giftcard.Thequestionnairepresentedprincipalinvestigators(PIs)andnon-PIswithdifferentquestions.Morethan6,000responseswerereceived.Partialresponseswereremoved,aswereparticipantswhocompletedthesurveyinlessthan3minutes,andnonsensicalresponsestoopen-endedquestions.Thisleft3,287respondents.Itisnotpossibletogiveanexactestimateofresponserate,becauseitisnotknownhowmanypeopleviewedane-mailorsocial-medialink.Nature’seditorialteamworkedwithmarket-researchagencyShiftLearningtodevelopthesurveyandtocleanandanalysethedata.

2. Datadocumentationandcautionarynote:

Cleaned(anonymous)dataareprovidedintheaccompanyingExcelsheet,wherethenumberingofquestionscorrespondstothequestionnaire,below.Newcolumns(Q8.a_v,Q8.b_v,Q8.c_v,Lab_valence,Discontented)havebeenaddedtoexplainsomesubjectiveanalysisundertakenbyNatureandbyoutsidescientists,alludedtointheaccompanyingfeature.Inresponsetoquestion9(“Towhatextentdoyouthinkthecultureofyourlab/workgrouphindersitsabilitytodogoodqualityresearch?”),itbecameapparentthathundredsofrespondentswhosaidtheirlabculturestrongly(6)orcompletely(7)interferedwiththeirworkhaddescribedtheirlabinunambiguouslypositivetermselsewhereinthesurvey.Someoftheseapparentlymismatchedrespondershadagreedtobecontactedforfollow-up,andtoldNature’snewsteamthattheyhadinterpretedthequestiontobeabouttheimportanceoflabcultureingeneraltohigh-qualityresearch,ratherthanabouttheirlabinparticular.Therefore,itisnotpossibletobesurethatanswerstoquestion9accuratelyrepresentthefeelingsofsurveyrespondentsabouttheextenttowhichthecultureoftheirlabhindersitsabilitytodogood-qualityresearch.

Twosubjectiveanalyseswereconductedonthedatatoexplorerespondents’feelingsabouttheirlabculture.

(i)Perceptionsoflabclimate:Respondentshadalsobeenasked(question8)toprovidethreewordsthattheywouldusetodescribetheworkingcultureorclimateintheirlab.BrianMartinson,whostudiesresearchintegritywiththeHealthPartnersInstituteinBloomington,Minnesota,codedthevalenceoftheseresponsestodefineameasureof‘positivetonegative’perceptionsoflabclimate.

Hegave‘-1’towordswithanobviousnegativevalueand‘+1’tothosewithanobviouspositivevalue,andthentriedtoassign+1or-1valencecodestoremainingwords,usingthecontextoftheothertwowordsrespondentsprovided.Remainingunclearcases,aswellascasesinwhichwordsseemedemotionallyneutralwithrespecttothelab’sworkingculture,weregivena‘0’value.SeeQ8.a_v;Q8.b_vandQ8.c_vcolums.Responsesweresummedinacolumnlabelled‘Lab_Valence’,whichtakesvaluesrangingfrom-3to+3.Onthebasisofthisanalysis,Naturefoundthatoneinfivenon-PIswereclearlynegativeabouttheirlabs—theirwordswere‘-2’or‘-3’.

(ii)Consistentlydiscontentedscientists

Separately,Natureidentifiedagroupofscientistswhowereconsistentlynegativeabouttheirlabsthroughoutthesurvey:theytendedtousenegativewords,tosaytheirlabcultureharmeditsresearch,andnottogivepositiveresponsesinopen-fieldquestions.These‘discontented’researchersarecodedwith‘1’inacolumnlabelled‘Discontented’.Theymakeuparound14%ofnon-PIs.Theydonotrepresentalltheunhappyrespondents,butasubgroupthatisconsistentlynegative.

3. Questionnaire

Questionno. Questionandoptions Typeofquestion Mandatory Routing

Thankyoufortakingpartinthissurvey.Thisquestionnaireaimstounderstandhowwellscientistsfeelthattheirresearchgroupsprovideahealthyenvironmenttoconductrigorous,valuableresearchandwhatfactorscontributetosuchanenvironment.ThetopicscoveredaroseinworkshopsheldbyNatureeditorswithresearchers.Closingdate:14thofFebruary[laterextended].Completiontime:10–15minutesPrizedraw:£100/$150giftcardWeassureyouthateverythingyoureportwillbetreatedanonymouslyandwithstrictconfidence.Asanadditionalprecaution,weaskthatyoudonotprovidepersonalinformationthatmightidentifyyouinopenendedresponses.AsmembersoftheMarketResearchSociety(MRS),wepledgethatweapplytheindustry’shigheststandardsforprofessionalresearchandprivacyinusingallinformationthatouraudienceprovides,andthatweabidebytheMRSCodeofConduct.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheresearch,pleasecontactdiede.fennema@shift-learning.co.ukThanksagainforyourhelp.

Firstly,we’dliketoaskalittlebitaboutyou.

1. Whichofthefollowingjobtitlesbestappliestoyou?

• Principalinvestigator/labhead

• Staffscientist• Postdoctoralfellow

Singlechoice Y Asktoall

• Senior/leadtechnician

• Laboratorytechnician

• Researchassociate/assistant

• Graduatestudent• Other,please

specify2. Whichofthefollowingbest

describesyourresearchdiscipline?

• Agricultureandfood

• Astronomy/Astrophysics/Cosmology/Planetaryscience

• Biology• Chemistry• Computerscience• Earthand

environmentalscience

• Engineering/Technology

• Materialsscience• Mathematics• Medicine• Physics• SocialScience/

Psychology• Other,please

specify

Singlechoice Y Asktoall

3. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourprimarysubjectareawithinthefieldofbiology?• Biochemistry• Biomedicine• Cell/Molecularbiology• Developmentalbiology• Evolution/Ecology• Genetics• Immunology• Microbiology• Neuroscience• Other,pleasespecify

Singlechoice Y AskifBiology

4. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourprimary

Singlechoice Y AskifChemistry

subjectareawithinthefieldofchemistry?

• Chemicalbiology• Organicchemistry/

Medicinalchemistry• Inorganicchemistry• Analyticalchemistry• Physicalchemistry• Other,pleasespecify

5. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourprimarysubjectareawithinthefieldofphysics?

• Condensedmatter• High-energy• Nuclear• Other,pleasespecify

Singlechoice Y AskifPhysics

6. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourplaceofwork?

• Academicinstitution

• Researchinstitution,statefunded

• Researchinstitution,private

• Industry• Other,please

specify

Singlechoice Y Asktoall;Removenonrelevantindataprocessing

7. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourresearchspace?

• Mostlywetlab-basedonexperimentalequipmentandreagents

• Mostlycomputational

• Mostlyhumansubjects

• Inthefield• Other,please

specify

Singlechoice Y Asktoall

Thanksforyouranswerssofar.Now,we’dliketoaskaboutprocessesthatareinplaceforsafeguardingthequalityofresearchinyourlab.

8. Wewanttogetasenseoftheinterpersonaldynamics

Openended,limitedto40characters

N Asktoall

andpracticeswithinyourresearchgroup.Whatthreewordswouldyouusetodescribetheworkingclimateorcultureinyourlab?Pleasewriteonewordperbox.

9. Towhatextentdoyouthinkthecultureofyourlab/workgrouphindersitsabilitytodogoodqualityresearch?

7pointscale,onlylabellingextremeends1=notatall,7=completely

Y Asktoall

10. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?Pleasenotthatby“PI”wemeanyourprincipalinvestigator/headofthelab.

• MyPIconsistentlylooksattherawdataformylab/work-group.

• MyPIconsistentlyreviewsthedesignofexperimentsinmylab/work-group.

• MyPIcouldsummarizewhatresearchprojectseverymemberofhis/herresearchgroupisworkingon.

• MyPIvaluesnegativeresultsandsupportsscientistswithinmygroupwhentheyhavefindingsthatdon’tsupportahypothesiscoretothelab’sresearchactivities.

• MyPIgivesmefreedomtoexploreinterestingresultsthatarenotnecessarilycoreto

Labelled7pointscale,plusunsure:

• Stronglydisagree• Disagree• Somewhat

disagree• Neitherdisagree

noragree• Somewhatagree• Agree• Stronglyagree• Unsure

Y AskifnotPI

thelab’sresearchactivities.

• MyPIisalmostalwaysavailablewhenIneedtodiscussmyexperimentsorcareerdevelopment

11. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?

• Iconsistentlylookattherawdatadonebymyresearchgroup.

• Iconsistentlychecktheexperimentaldesignsdonebymyresearchgroup.

• Icouldsummarizewhatresearchprojectseverymemberofmyresearchgroupisworkingon.

• Ivaluenegativeresultsandsupportsscientistswithinmygroupwhentheyhavefindingsthatdon’tsupportahypothesiscoretothelab’sresearchactivities.

• Igivelabmembersfreedomtoexploreinterestingresultsthatarenotnecessarilycoretothelab’sresearchactivities.

• Iamalmostalwaysavailabletomyresearchgrouptodiscussexperimentsorcareer

Labelled7pointscale,plusunsure:

• Stronglydisagree• Disagree• Somewhat

disagree• Neitherdisagree

noragree• Somewhatagree• Agree• Stronglyagree• Unsure

Y AskifPI

development.

12. Ingeneral,towhatextentdoyoufeelthecultureofyourlabcondonesresearchpracticesthatcutcorners,e.g.thatvaluespeedorgettingresultsthatwillattractfundingoveraccuracy?

• Never• Rarely• Sometimes• Often• Always• Unsure• Prefernottosay

Singlechoice Y Asktoall

Thanksforyouranswerssofar!Next,we’dliketoaskafewquestionsabouthowyouandyourPI[yourteam]worktogether.

13. DoyoufeelyourPIprovidesyouwithenoughguidanceonhowto:

• …keeplabnotes• …designrobust

experiments• …preparepapers,

talks,andgrantapplications

Columns:

• Yes,andIfeelIdoneedthis

• Yes,butIfeelIdon’tneedthis

• No,andIfeelIdoneedthis

• No,andIfeelIdon’tneedthis

• Unsure

Grid Y AskifnotPI

14. Doyoufeelyouprovideenoughguidancetomembersofyourresearchgrouponhowto:

• …keeplabnotes• …designrobust

experiments• …preparepapers,

talks,andgrant

Grid Y AskifPI

applicationsColumns:

• Yes• No,andIfeelthey

doneedthis• No,andIfeelthey

don’tneedthis• Unsure

15. Inthelast12months,haveyouhadanytraininginmanagingpeopleorrunningalab?

• Yes,anditwasuseful

• Yes,butitwasnotuseful

• No,butIwouldliketohavetraining

• No,andIdonotthinkitwouldbeuseful

• Unsure

Singlechoice AskifPI

16. Youmentionedyouhadtraininginthelast12months,whatwouldyousaywasthetrainingmode?Ifyouhaven’thadthesortoftraininglisted,pleaseselectN/A.Rows:

• Inperson,mainlylecture

• Inperson,interactive

• Onlineorindependent

Columns:

• Onetime,lessthantwohours

• Onetime,morethantwohours

• Ongoing• N/A

Grid Y Askifq14=yes

17. Isthereanyothermodeoftrainingthatyoufollowedinthelast12months?

OpenSamepageasq15

N Askifq14=yes

18. TowhatextentareyouclearaboutwhatyourPI

7-pointscale,labelledonlyatextremes

Y AskifnotPI

expectsofyou?

1=notclearatall,7=completelyclear

19. Towhatextentdoyoufeelthatyourlab/workgroupisclearaboutwhatyouexpectofthem?

7-pointscale,labelledonlyatextremes1=notclearatall,7=completelyclear

Y AskifPI

20. TowhatextentwouldyoubecomfortableapproachingyourPI:

• ifyoucouldnotreproduceotherlabmembers’results

• ifyoucouldnotreproduceyourPI’sresults

• ifyouhadresultsthatrancountertoafavouredhypothesis

7pointscale,plusunsure:• Very

uncomfortable• Uncomfortable• Somewhat

uncomfortable• Neither

uncomfortablenorcomfortable

• Somewhatcomfortable

• Comfortable• Verycomfortable• Unsure

Y AskifnotPI

21. Haveyoueverbeenunabletoreproduceotherlabmembers’results?

• Yes• No• Nevertried• Unsure• Prefernottosay

Singlechoice Y Asktoall?

22. Whathappenednext?• Imovedontoother

projects.• Wefiguredoutthe

discrepancyamicably.

• Wefiguredoutthediscrepancy,butitcausedantipathy.

• Wecouldn’tfigureoutthediscrepancy,butitremainedamicable.

• Wecouldn’tfigureoutthediscrepancy,andtherewasantipathy.

Singlechoice Y Askif21=yes

• Prefernottosay

23. Inthepast12months,haveyoueverfeltpressuredtoproduceaparticularresult?• Yes,often• Yes,occasionally• No,never • Unsure• Prefernottosay

Singlechoice Y AskifnotPI

Thankyou.Now,we’dliketoaskaboutthecultureofpersonalsupportinyourlab.

24. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?

• IfeelthatIamtreatedfairlywithinmylab/workgroup.

• MyPItakespositivestepsinfosteringmyprofessionaldevelopment.

• MyPItakespositivestepsincreatingaworkingenvironmentthatsupportsmypersonalwell-being.

Labelled7pointscale,plusunsure:

• Stronglydisagree• Disagree• Somewhat

disagree• Neitherdisagree

noragree• Somewhatagree• Agree• Stronglyagree• Unsure

Y AskifnotPI

25. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?

• Iftherewereaninstanceofscientificmisconductinmylab/workgroup,Iwouldknowwhotospeakto.

• Iftherewasaninstanceofscientificmisconductinmylab/workgroup,Iwouldfeelsafetospeakuporreportitwithoutfearofreprisal.

• Iftherewasan

Labelled7pointscale,plusunsure:

• Stronglydisagree• Disagree• Somewhat

disagree• Neitherdisagree

noragree• Somewhatagree• Agree• Stronglyagree• Unsure

Y Asktoall

instanceofbullyinginmylab/workgroup,Iwouldfeelsafetospeakuporreportitwithoutfearofreprisal.

• Iftherewasaninstanceofsexualharassmentinmylab/workgroup,Iwouldfeelsafetospeakuporreportitwithoutfearofreprisal.

• Iftherewasaninstanceofsexualassaultinmylab/workgroup,Iwouldfeelsafetoreportitwithoutfearofreprisal.

• Inmylab,Iwouldfeelabletodiscussissuesconcerninggenderandracialbiasespertainingtomyworkenvironment.

Forthenextsection,we’dliketoaskyouafewquestionaboutyourexperienceconductingresearchinyourworkenvironment.

26. Whatcouldyourdepartmentheadorinstitutiondotohelpyourlabdohigherqualityresearch?Pleaseselectasmanyasapply

• Encourageuseofpreprints

• Encourageuseofrepositoriesforrawdata

• Encourageuseofrepositoriesfornegativedata

• Provideresourcesfordataanalysesandexperimental

MultiplechoiceRandomise

Y AskifPI

design• Provideresources

foradministrativetasks

• Providesupportformentoringandmanaging

• Moreuseofmeasuresofscientificproductivitybeyondhigh-profilepapers

• Decreaseinbiasagainstwomenandminorities

• Setclearerexpectationsforwhatittakestomovetothenextcareerstage

• HavemoreoversightofPIs

• AllowlabmemberstoreporttomultiplePIs

• Other,pleasespecify

27. Whatcouldyourdepartmentheadorinstitutiondotohelpyourlabdohigherqualityresearch?Pleaseselectonlyone.

• Encourageuseofpreprints

• Encourageuseofrepositoriesforrawdata

• Encourageuseofrepositoriesfornegativedata

• Provideresourcesfordataanalysesandexperimentaldesign

• Provideresourcesforadministrativetasks

• Providesupportformentoringand

SinglechoiceMaskfromq26Randomise

Y Askifq26morethanone

managing• Moreuseof

measuresofscientificproductivitybeyondhigh-profilepapers

• Decreaseinbiasagainstwomenandminorities

• Setclearerexpectationsforwhatittakestomovetothenextcareerstage

• HavemoreoversightofPIs

• AllowlabmemberstoreporttomultiplePIs

• Other28. Whichofthefollowing

wouldallowyoutodobetterscienceinyourlab?Pleaseselectallthatapply.

• Havingmorethanonementor

• Iflabmembershadgreaterautonomy

• Greateruseofrepositoriesforsharingrawdata

• Greateruseofrepositoriesforsharingnegativedata

• Greateruseofpreprints

• Moreuseofmeasuresofscientificproductivitybeyondhigh-profilepapers

• Decreaseinbiasagainstwomenandminorities

• MoretrainingforPIsinmentoring

• Moretrainingfor

MultiplechoiceRandomise

Y AskifnotPI

PIsinmanagement• EvaluationofPIsfor

mentorship• EvaluationofPIsfor

management• Moretrainingfor

postdocs• Agreatercultureof

respectforwork-lifebalance

• Other,pleasespecify

29. Whichoneofthefollowingwouldbestallowyoutodobetterscienceinyourlab?Pleaseselectonlyone.

• Havingmorethanonementor

• Iflabmembershadgreaterautonomy

• Greateruseofrepositoriesforsharingrawdata

• Greateruseofrepositoriesforsharingnegativedata

• Greateruseofpreprints

• Moreuseofmeasuresofscientificproductivitybeyondhigh-profilepapers

• Decreaseinbiasagainstwomenandminorities

• MoretrainingforPIsinmentoring

• MoretrainingforPIsinmanagement

• EvaluationofPIsformentorship

• EvaluationofPIsformanagement

• Moretrainingforpostdocs

• Agreatercultureofrespectforwork-lifebalance

SinglechoiceMaskfromq28Randomise

Y Askifq28morethanone

• Other

30. Consideringthelistofsuggestedimprovements,howmuchofadifferencewouldthismake?

• Little,ourlabisalreadyfunctioningwell

• Agreatdeal,ourlabwouldbemuchimproved

• Unsure

SinglechoiceSamepageasq28(non-PI)orsamepageasq26(PI)

Y AsktoPIafterq26;asktonon-PIafterq28.ResponsescodedasQ30_PIandQ30_nonPI

31. Whatinternalfactorwouldmosthelpyourlabproducequalityresearch?Byinternal,wemeananyfactorthatiswithinyourown/yourlab/yourPI’scontrol.

Openquestion N Asktoall

32. Whatexternalfactorwouldmosthelpyourlabproducereliableresearch?

• Byexternal,wemeananyfactorthatiswithinyourresearchinstitution/funders’control.

OpenquestionSamepageasq31

N Asktoall

33. Thinkingabouthowyouperceivethecultureofyourlaboverall,whichoneoffollowingdoyouconsiderasthemostsignificantobstacletotheproductionofgoodqualityresearchbyyourlab?

• MyPIisnotsufficientlyfamiliarwiththeworkongoinginhis/herresearchgroup.

• IwouldnotfeelcomfortableapproachingmyPIunlessIhadfavourableresults.

• IamsomewhatunclearonwhatmyPIexpectsofme.

• Iamsobusytryingtoproducedata

Singlechoice Y AskifnotPI

thatqualitysuffers.• Pressureto

produceresultsleadstocorner-cuttingorsloppyscience.

• MyPIdoesnotsufficientlyvaluework-lifebalance.

• Mylab/workgroupdoesnotfaceanysignificanthurdles.

Other,pleasespecify34. Towhatextentdoyou

thinkpressuretopublishhindersyoufromdoinggoodqualityresearch?

7pointscale,onlylabellingextremeends1=notatall,7=completely

Y Asktoall

35. Arethereanyotheraspectsaboutthecultureofdoingresearchinyourlabwhichyoufeelhaveanegativeimpactonthelab’soutputofgoodqualityresearch?

Openquestion

N Asktoall

36. Arethereanyotheraspectsaboutthecultureofdoingresearchinyourlabwhichyoufeelhaveapositiveimpactonthelab’soutputofgoodqualityresearch?

OpenquestionSamepageasq35

N Asktoall

Forthelastsection,wewouldliketoaskyoualittlebitmoreaboutyou.

37. HowlonghaveyoubeenaPI?

• Lessthanayear• 1–3years• 4–6years• 7–10years• 11–20years• Morethan20years

Other,pleasespecify

Singlechoice Y AskifPI

38. Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingwithyourcurrentlab/workgroup?

• Lessthanayear• 1–3years• 4–6years• 7–10years

Singlechoice Y Asktoall Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingwithyourcurrentlab/workgroup?

• Lessthanayear

Singlechoice Y Asktoall

• 11–20years• Morethan20years

Other,pleasespecify

• 1–3years

• 4–6years

• 7–10years

• 11–20years

• Morethan20years

Other,pleasespecify

39. Howlongwouldyousayyouhavebeenworkinginscience,sinceobtainingyourPhD?

• IhavenotyetobtainedmyPhD

• 0–3years• 4–6years• 7–10years• 11–20years• Morethan20years• Other,please

specify

Singlechoice Y Asktoall

40. Whichcontinentdoyoulivein?

• Asia(includingMiddleEast)

• Australasia• Africa• Europe• NorthorCentral

America• SouthAmerica

Dropdown Y Asktoall

41. Whichcountry/regioninAsia?

• Afghanistan• Armenia• Azerbaijan• Bahrain• Bangladesh• Bhutan• Brunei• Burma(Myanmar)• Cambodia• MainlandChina• Georgia• India

DropdownSamepageQ40

Y AskifQ40=Asia

• Indonesia• Iran• Iraq• Israel• Japan• Jordan• Kazakhstan• NorthKorea• SouthKorea• Kuwait• Kyrgyzstan• Laos• Lebanon• Malaysia• Maldives• Mongolia• Nepal• Oman• Pakistan• Philippines• Qatar• Russia• SaudiArabia• Singapore• SriLanka• Syria• Tajikistan• Thailand• Turkey• Turkmenistan• UnitedArab

Emirates• Uzbekistan• Vietnam• Yemen• Other,please

specify42. Whichcountryin

Australasia?• Australia• FrenchPolynesia• Niue• Tonga• ChristmasIsland• Kiribati• PapuaNewGuinea• Tuvalu• CocosKeeling

Island

DropdownSamepageQ40

Y AskifQ40=Australasia

• Nauru• PitcairnIsland• Vanuatu• CookIsland• NewCaledonia• SolomonIsland• WallisFutuna• Fiji• NewZealand• Tokelau• WesternSamoa• Other,please

specify43. WhichcountryinAfrica?

• Algeria• Angola• Benin• Botswana• BurkinaFaso• Burundi• Cameroon• CapeVerde• CentralAfrican

Republic• Chad• Comoros• Congo,Republicof• Congo,Democratic

Republicof• Coted’Ivoire• Djibouti• Egypt• EquatorialGuinea• Eritrea• Ethiopia• Gabon• TheGambia• Ghana• Guinea• Guinea-Bissau• Kenya• Lesotho• Liberia• Libya• Madagascar• Malawi• Mali• Mauritania• Mauritius

DropdownSamepageQ40

Y AskifQ40=Africa

• Morocco• Mozambique• Namibia• Niger• Nigeria• Rwanda• SaoTomeand

Principe• Senegal• Seychelles• SierraLeone• Somalia• SouthAfrica• Sudan• Swaziland• Tanzania• Togo• Tunisia• Uganda• Zambia• Zimbabwe• Other,please

specify44. WhichcountryinEurope?

• Albania• Andorra• Austria• Belarus• Belgium• Bosniaand

Herzegovina• Bulgaria• Croatia• Cyprus• CzechRepublic• Denmark• Estonia• Finland• France• Germany• Greece• Hungary• Iceland• Ireland• Italy• Latvia• Liechtenstein• Lithuania• Luxembourg

DropdownSamepageQ40

Y AskifQ40=Europe

• Macedonia• Malta• Moldova• Monaco• Netherlands• Norway• Poland• Portugal• Romania• Russia• SanMarino• Serbiaand

Montenegro• Slovakia(Slovak

Republic)• Slovenia• Spain• Sweden• Switzerland• Turkey• Ukraine• UnitedKingdom• VaticanCity• Other,please

specify45. WhichcountryinNorthor

CentralAmerica?• Anguilla• Antiguaand

Barbuda• Aruba• Bahamas• Barbados• Belize• Bermuda• BritishVirgin

Islands• Canada• CaymanIsland• CostaRica• Cuba• Dominica• DominicanRepublic• ElSalvador• Greenland• Grenada• Guadeloupe• Guatemala• Haiti

DropdownSamepageQ40

Y AskifQ40=NorthorCentralAmerica

• Honduras• Jamaica• Martinique• Mexico• Montserrat• NavassaIsland• Netherlands

Antilles• Nicaragua• Panama• PuertoRico• SaintBarthelemy• SaintKittsand

Nevis• SaintLucia• SaintMartin• SaintPierreand

Miquelon• SaintVincentand

theGrenadines• Trinidadand

Tobago• TurksandCaicos

Islands• UnitedStates• UnitedStatesVirgin

Islands• Other,please

specify46. WhichcountryinSouth

America?• Argentina• Bolivia• Brazil• Chile• Colombia• Ecuador• FalklandIslands• FrenchGuiana• Guyana• Paraguay• Peru• Suriname• Uruguay• Venezuela• Other,please

specify

DropdownSamepageQ40

Y AskifQ40=SouthAmerica

47. Areyoucurrentlyworkinginthecountryinwhichyouwereborn?

SinglechoiceSamepageQ41

N

• Yes• No• Prefernottosay

48. Whichcountrywereyoubornin?

• [listofallcountries+Other]

DropdownSamepageQ40

N IfQ47=no

Thankyou

49. Arethereanyquestionsyouthinkshouldhavebeenincludedinthissurvey?Wewouldlovetohearthem.

Open N Asktoall

Futurecontact

50. Naturemaywanttocontactyouagaintoaskformoreinformationonthesubjectsdiscussedinthissurvey,ortoaskyouspecificquestionsaboutyourcommentsandanswers.Ifyouarehappytoreceivefollowuprequests,pleasetickthisboxandenteryourdetails.

• Yes• No

Singlechoice N Asktoall

51. Wouldyouliketobeenteredintotheprizedrawtowina$150giftcard?PleasenotethattheemailaddressandnameofthewinnerwillbepassedontoNature,butyouwillremainfullyanonymouswithregardtoyourresponsestothesurvey.

• Yes• No

Singlechoice N Asktoall

Finaltext Wouldyouliketobeenteredintotheprizedrawtowina$150giftcard?Pleasenotethattheemailaddressand

Singlechoice N Asktoall

nameofthewinnerwillbepassedontoNature,butyouwillremainfullyanonymouswithregardtoyourresponsestothesurvey.

• YesNo

Wehavenowcometotheendofthesurvey.Manythanksforfillingoutoursurvey,yourresponsesareextremelyvaluableandusefulforthescientificcommunity.Pleasebeassuredthateverythingyoureportwillbetreatedanonymouslyandwithstrictconfidence.Pleaseclickthebuttonbelowtosubmityouranswers.