sph 107 ch 12

Chapter 12Delivering Your Public Speech

Why is Delivery so Important?

Delivery is the way you communicate your message orally and visually through your use of voice, face, and body.

Listeners are persuaded more by the delivery of the speech than the content.

55 to 90% of the meaning listeners grasp is derived from the delivery.

What are the Characteristics of effective

delivery?Delivery is conveyed through the nonverbal

channel. Includes elements such as: eye contact, facial

expressions, gestures, body language, and even appearance.

Effective delivery has two main characteristics:Listener centeredAvoid sending nonverbal messages that do not

reinforce your verbal message.

Characteristics of effective delivery?

Effective delivery is conversational.Public speaking is communication, not a

performance.Communicate with your audience, not at them.

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

InevitableYou cannot not communicate nonverbally.Your dress and behavior communicate things

about you.

Culturally BoundEye contact is a sign of respect in the U.S. but is

interpreted as disrespect in many cultures.Because they are ambiguous, nonverbal cues can

mean different things in different situations.

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal cues are believed.When verbal and nonverbal conflict, people

believe the nonverbal.

Nonverbal cues are conveyed simultaneously by several cues.

Types of Nonverbal Communication

Proxemics- they way in which space and distance communicate meaning.Stand at a distance where you and your audience

can easily make eye contact.Smaller groups should be addressed from 4 to 8

feet away.Larger groups should be addressed from more

than 8 feet away.

Types of Nonverbal Communication

Chronemics – messages we send through time based on cultural context.Western cultures are very time oriented: “Time is

money”Arrive early.Try to adhere to the timeline that your audience

expects.

Types of Nonverbal Communication

Object Language- communication through appearance. A professional appearance adds to a speakers

credibility or ethos.Avoid extreme forms of dress or appearance.Dress more formally than your audience.Consider your topic and purpose.

Eye ContactEyes are the number one source of nonverbal

communication – Make Eye Contact with your Audience.

Span the entire audience with your eyes.

Eye contact makes the listeners feel more involved in your speech.

Eye contact will help you read the feedback from your audience and adjust your message accordingly.

Use of Body to Send Messages

Facial ExpressionsMost effective facial expressions are lively and yet

appear natural and spontaneous.Most beginning speakers are reluctant to use facial

expressions, but appropriate use can add to a speakers message.

It is important not to over do it.

Use of Body to Send Messages

GesturesThey emphasize an important pointThey reference presentational aids.They clarify structure.Eliminate structures that do not do serve these

functions.Gesture from the elbow.Plan and practice your gestures.

Use of Body to Send Messages

PostureListeners begin to evaluate you before you begin

speaking.Pause before you begin speaking.During the speech, stand firmly which your feet

about should width apart.Avoid swaying or leaning on the podium.

Use of Body to Send Messages

Body MovementUse motivated movement.Reinforce the verbal message with your

movement.Movement should be used with a gesture to

appear more normal.Remain “open” to your audience when you move

from side to side.

Use of Voice to Send Messages

Intelligibility - the capacity to be understood.Vocal quality, or timbre, distinguishes your voice

from others.Rate is the speed at which you deliver your speech.Volume is how lowly or softly you speak.Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of your voice

on the musical staff.Pronunciation refers to how the words sound and

what parts are stressed.Enunciation is the act of speaking distinctly and

clearly.

Use of Voice to Send Messages

Vocal Variety – changing rate, pitch, and volume.Emotional intent can be reinforced by gradually

speeding up or slowing down, speaking higher or lower, or speaking louder and softer.

Pauses can be used to stress important points.

Use of Voice to Send Messages

Conversational Style – sounding spontaneous and natural despite having practiced your speech.

Methods of DeliveryThe Impromptu Method

Speaking with limited preparation.You sound more spontaneous and conversational

because of the nature of the presentation.

The Manuscript MethodReading a speech that has been written out in its

entirety. Tough to make sound conversational.Tough to adapt to your audience.Avoid except for quotes and statistics.

Methods of DeliveryThe Memorized Method

Similar to manuscript in that it is fully written out before the performance but differs in that the speech is presented from memory.

Allows lots of eye contact.Takes lots of practice.Unexpected feedback can throw you off.

Methods of DeliveryThe Extemporaneous Method

Requires a speech to be carefully researched and planned just like the Memorized and Manuscript methods.

More conversational while remaining organized and coherent.

Practicing Your SpeechDon’t wait to the last minute to practice.

The best speech can fail if your delivery is poor.

Finish your outline at least three days before your presentation.

Always practice out loud.

Mark delivery cue reminders on you speaking outline.

Practice in front of friends or family members.

Delivery and Public Speaking Anxiety

Never apologize for being nervous. It just draws attention to how nervous you are and makes your nerves worse.

Turn your nerves into energy that enhances your performance.

Practice, Practice, Practice.

Remember to make eye contact.

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