speaker use of grammatical voice in lacandón connecting data with metadata
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Speaker Use of Speaker Use of Grammatical Voice in Grammatical Voice in
LacandónLacandón
Connecting Data with Connecting Data with MetadataMetadata
IntroductionIntroduction Lacandon Maya has a number of different grammatical Lacandon Maya has a number of different grammatical
voices that are used in varying frequency by different voices that are used in varying frequency by different speakers. It is possible to discover the socio-linguistic use of speakers. It is possible to discover the socio-linguistic use of grammatical voice in Lacandon discourse, by relating the grammatical voice in Lacandon discourse, by relating the consultant information in the metadata to the annotated consultant information in the metadata to the annotated texts in which the different voices occur. We will texts in which the different voices occur. We will demonstrate how this is done and offer some preliminary demonstrate how this is done and offer some preliminary findings. First, we will give a general overview of Voice in findings. First, we will give a general overview of Voice in the Yucatecan Mayan languages, and the patterns of use of the Yucatecan Mayan languages, and the patterns of use of this grammatical category found in our Lacandon texts. We this grammatical category found in our Lacandon texts. We will then outline the method we used to explore the will then outline the method we used to explore the sociolinguistic use of Voice, and demonstrate the process in sociolinguistic use of Voice, and demonstrate the process in a step-wise fashion.a step-wise fashion.
VoiceVoice Voice is an overt grammatical category pertaining to verbs. Voice is an overt grammatical category pertaining to verbs. Voice is well developed in Mayan languages.Voice is well developed in Mayan languages. Lacandón Maya has a number of different grammatical voices that Lacandón Maya has a number of different grammatical voices that
are used in varying frequency by different speakers.are used in varying frequency by different speakers.
Patterns of voice in Yucatecan Patterns of voice in Yucatecan languageslanguages
Abbreviations: RTV root transitive verb, IV intransitive verb, TV Abbreviations: RTV root transitive verb, IV intransitive verb, TV transitive verb, DTV derived transitive verb, CVC verb root, V verb transitive verb, DTV derived transitive verb, CVC verb root, V verb stem, -Vl vowel + l suffixstem, -Vl vowel + l suffix
Note: Major/Minor voice distinction from Hofling (1997).Note: Major/Minor voice distinction from Hofling (1997).
Examples of voice in Examples of voice in LacandónLacandón
Canonical passiveCanonical passivets’ah T. ts’ah T. givegivets’aba k’uxu7 ts’aba k’uxu7 achiote is givenachiote is given. .
(Nar_Forest_CK)(Nar_Forest_CK) ts’ah-ts’ah-bb-Vl k’uxu7-Vl k’uxu7
give-PASS-IIS achiote give-PASS-IIS achiote Agentless passiveAgentless passive
ts’apah. ts’apah. be givenbe given ts’ap ti7 chEk xokts’ap ti7 chEk xok. He was given to the . He was given to the
mermaidmermaid. (ChakXok_KM). (ChakXok_KM)ts’ah-ts’ah-pp-ah PREP. chEk xok-ah PREP. chEk xokgive-PASS-DTR PREP. red sirengive-PASS-DTR PREP. red siren
AntipassiveAntipassivetsikbarnah. tsikbarnah. he chattedhe chatted. (Chak_Xok_BM). (Chak_Xok_BM)tsikbal-tsikbal-nn-ah-ahchatchat-AP-CIS-AP-CIS
The questionsThe questions
Do Lacandón women Do Lacandón women use passive voice use passive voice more than men?more than men?
Do Lacandón women Do Lacandón women use antipassive voice use antipassive voice more than men?more than men?
Search optionsSearch options
ShoeboxShoebox Only works on open files. Only works on open files. Cannot provide information on Cannot provide information on consultants.consultants.
WinGrepWinGrep Searches all files. Searches all files. Provides customizable output. Cannot Provides customizable output. Cannot provide information on consultants provide information on consultants other than the name of the speaker.other than the name of the speaker.
A relational databaseA relational database best suits our best suits our needs.needs.
Converting Shoebox texts to Converting Shoebox texts to Access tablesAccess tables
Create tab-Create tab-delimited files from delimited files from Shoebox textsShoebox texts
Put each record into Put each record into its own row with its own row with each field delimited each field delimited by a tabby a tab
Relational Database
Texts Table
filename transcription
translationsannotations
ConsultantsTable
age
sex
person
Content Table
name and code
genres
filenames
other
other
Search ResultsSearch Results
Approximately 7,800 annotated Approximately 7,800 annotated recordsrecords
Only 27 examples of canonical and Only 27 examples of canonical and agentless passiveagentless passive
54 examples of antipassive54 examples of antipassive
Male to female ratio of all Male to female ratio of all transcribed records in Lacandón transcribed records in Lacandón
corpuscorpus
female speech145318%
male speech644082%
The corpus is not evenly divided between male The corpus is not evenly divided between male speech and female speech.speech and female speech.
Men have a higher percentage of speech in our Men have a higher percentage of speech in our database.database.
This ratio is considered when determining usage This ratio is considered when determining usage statistics.statistics.
PassivesPassives
22
5
22
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Number of Records
Actual Records Expected Records
Actual versus Expected
female spoken records
male spoken records
AntipassivesAntipassives
51
3
44
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Record Count
Actual Records Expected Records
Actual versus Expected
female spoken records
male spoken records
Passives and GenresPassives and Genres
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Frequency
chants conversations descriptions interview narrative
Genres
Actual Records
Expected Recordsr
Narratives have the highest frequency of passive use.Narratives have the highest frequency of passive use. Descriptive type texts have far fewer passives than expected.Descriptive type texts have far fewer passives than expected.
ComplicationsComplications Almost impossible to search for morphologically Almost impossible to search for morphologically
unmarked forms.unmarked forms. Antipassive is overtly marked in the completive Antipassive is overtly marked in the completive
aspect, not in the incompletive aspect.aspect, not in the incompletive aspect. Other considerations necessary for more elusive Other considerations necessary for more elusive
linguistic elements.linguistic elements.
VoiceVoice AspecAspectt
TAM-TAM-(Tense/ Aspect/ (Tense/ Aspect/
Mood)Mood)
-Pronoun-Pronoun
Verb Verb stemstem
il ‘see’il ‘see’
English English glossgloss
ActiveActive
IncInc k-ink-in w-il-ikw-il-ik I see I see it.it.
ComCom t-int-in w-il-ahw-il-ah I saw I saw it.it.
AntipassiAntipassiveve
IncInc k-ink-in w-ilw-il I see.I see.
ComCom il-il-nn-ah--ah-enen
I saw.I saw.
DemonstrationDemonstration
Canonical passive and agentless passive Canonical passive and agentless passive are glossed PASS.are glossed PASS.
Shoebox Texts
Tab-delimited file
text table
filename
reference number
person
transcription
morphemes
morphemic gloss
free translations
Metadata
Consultant information
Sessioninformation
consultants table content table
name and code
age
sex
other
filenames
genres
other
Relational Database
Texts Table
filename transcription
translationsannotations
ConsultantsTable
age
sex
person
Content Table
name and code
genres
filenames
other
other
Shoebox Texts
Tab-delimited file
text table
filename
reference number
person
transcription
morphemes
morphemic gloss
free translations
Metadata
Consultant information
Sessioninformation
consultants table content table
name and code
age
sex
other
filenames
genres
other
Convert texts to tab-Convert texts to tab-delimited filesdelimited files
Each tier of annotation Each tier of annotation becomes a column.becomes a column.
Each column is separated by Each column is separated by a tab.a tab.
Each record becomes a row.Each record becomes a row.
Shoebox Texts
Tab-delimited file
text table
filename
reference number
person
transcription
morphemes
morphemic gloss
free translations
Metadata
Consultant information
Sessioninformation
consultants table content table
name and code
age
sex
other
filenames
genres
other
Import tab-delimited fileImport tab-delimited file
Import the tab-Import the tab-delimited file delimited file into Access to into Access to create a texts create a texts table.table.
Shoebox Texts
Tab-delimited file
text table
filename
reference number
person
transcription
morphemes
morphemic gloss
free translations
Texts TableTexts Table
Metadata
Consultant information
Sessioninformation
consultants table content table
name and code
age
sex
other
filenames
genres
other
Shoebox Texts
Tab-delimited file
text table
filename
reference number
person
transcription
morphemes
morphemic gloss
free translations
Import consultant Import consultant informationinformation
The information The information for each consultant for each consultant is imported from is imported from the files the IMDI the files the IMDI metadata editor metadata editor creates.creates.
Metadata
Consultant information
consultants table
name and code
age
sex
other
Consultants tableConsultants table
Entering session Entering session informationinformation
Access cannot Access cannot easily import the easily import the IMDI files in a IMDI files in a usable format. usable format.
Session Session information is information is entered manually entered manually at this time.at this time.
Metadata
Sessioninformation
content table
filenames
genres
other
Content tableContent table
Filename and text Filename and text genre are the genre are the only fields in this only fields in this table.table.
More fields may More fields may be added later.be added later.
Shoebox Texts
Tab-delimited file
text table
filename
reference number
person
transcription
morphemes
morphemic gloss
free translations
Metadata
Consultant information
Sessioninformation
consultants table content table
name and code
age
sex
other
filenames
genres
other
What relationships can What relationships can do for youdo for you
? speaker? speaker? Sex of speaker? Sex of speaker
PASS in mgPASS in mg
QueryQuery
Creating a queryCreating a query Find PASS in morpheme Find PASS in morpheme
gloss fieldgloss field Provide the value of the Provide the value of the
speaker field.speaker field. Lookup and return the Lookup and return the
sex of the speaker.sex of the speaker.
Relational Database
text table
filename transcription
translationsannotations
consultants table
age
sex
name and code
person
content table
genres
filenames
Passives query – Passives query – Datasheet viewDatasheet view
References and AbbreviationsReferences and AbbreviationsDanziger, Eve. 1990. A Clamour of Danziger, Eve. 1990. A Clamour of
Voices: Processes of Intransitivization Voices: Processes of Intransitivization in the Mayan Language of the Greater in the Mayan Language of the Greater Yucatan Peninsula. Paper presented Yucatan Peninsula. Paper presented Dec. 2 1990 in “Mayan and Chibchan Dec. 2 1990 in “Mayan and Chibchan Languages”, at the 29Languages”, at the 29thth Conference on Conference on American Indian Languages, American American Indian Languages, American Anthropological Association Meetings, Anthropological Association Meetings, Nov. 29 – Dec. 2, 1990, New Orleans.Nov. 29 – Dec. 2, 1990, New Orleans.
Hofling, Charles Andrew and Felix Hofling, Charles Andrew and Felix Fernando Tesucún. 1997. Fernando Tesucún. 1997. Itzaj Maya-Itzaj Maya-Spanish-English DictionarySpanish-English Dictionary. University . University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
Bricker, Victoria, Eleuterio Po’ot Yah and Bricker, Victoria, Eleuterio Po’ot Yah and Ofelia Dzul de Po’ot. 1998. Ofelia Dzul de Po’ot. 1998. A A Dictionary of the Maya Language As Dictionary of the Maya Language As Spoken in Hocabá, YucatanSpoken in Hocabá, Yucatan. University . University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
TAM Tense/Aspect/Mood TAM Tense/Aspect/Mood (Hofling 1997)(Hofling 1997)
RTV root transitive verb RTV root transitive verb IV intransitive verb IV intransitive verb TV transitive verbTV transitive verb DTV derived transitive DTV derived transitive
verbverb CVC verb rootCVC verb root V verb stem, V verb stem, -Vl harmonic vowel -l-Vl harmonic vowel -l IIS Incompletive IIS Incompletive
intransitive status intransitive status (Hofling 1997)(Hofling 1997)
DTR Detransitive DTR Detransitive (Hofling 1997)(Hofling 1997)
CIS Completive CIS Completive intransitive Status intransitive Status (Hofling 1997)(Hofling 1997)
PREP PrepositionPREP Preposition AP AntipassiveAP Antipassive PASS PassivePASS Passive Inc Incompletive AspectInc Incompletive Aspect Com Completive AspectCom Completive Aspect
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