spatial framework for a title registration system: unique parcel identifiers and cadastral maps

SPATIAL FRAMEWORK FOR A TITLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM: UNIQUE PARCEL

IDENTIFIERS AND CADASTRAL MAPS

TITLE REGISTRATION• Based on parcels of land• Transactions set out in simple

documents – reference to the land parcel

• Registration of transactions is essential to their validity

SPATIAL FRAMEWORK - CADASTRE

• Unique parcel identifiers – linking documents and maps

• Cadastral maps depicting parcel framework – location, spatial relationships

DESIRABLE UPIN FEATURES

1. Unique2. Easy to remember3. Easy to use4. Permanent5. Capable of being updated6. Flexible (can be used for multiple

purposes)

DESIRABLE UPIN FEATURES CONT’D

7. Ease and economy (introduction, maintenance)

8. Able to support archiving , historical record

9. Maintained by one authority10. Independent

IDEAL UPIN QUALITIES

• Compatible with other agencies• Preferably the same system• Primary key to link databases

UPIN OPTIONSMost common:1. Cadastral administrative area, block, parcel.2. Cadastral map, parcel

Others:3. Title number4. Street address5. Tax/Utility number6. Geocode

Less Desirable options:7. Abuttals (i.e. ‘bounded in the north by…’)8. Metes and bounds9. Grantee/grantor index

UPIN EXAMPLES• Australia – lot/plan number e.g. 3/790349• Sweden- municipality or village, block, parcel

e.g. Haninge Svartso 3:49• Latvia – e.g. 01000030002,(cadastral territory

0100,cadastral group 003, parcel 0002)• England – administrative area, lot (e.g. CS72510 for

parcel 72510 in Cornshire)• Cambodia – e.g. 05070512-0104, (Province 05,

District 07, Commune 05, Village 12, lot 0104)• Thailand – various options (requires cross indices)

including:– lot/map– Title number– Adjudication number

SPATIAL FRAMEWORK - CADASTRE

• Topological applications:– Identification of parcel on the register– Spatial framework for register – data

validation, verification– Spatial query/access to data

• Spatial/metric applications:– Relocation of a boundary if necessary– Support subdivisions/consolidations– Calculation of parcel areas/offsets, etc.– Basis for Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)

EXAMPLES OF CADASTRES

Some cadastral systems:• Registry map that precisely define parcel

boundaries (e.g. European cadastral maps)

• General registry map with file plans for each parcel prepared from this map (e.g. England)

• Individual land parcel plans with or without an index/chart/noting map (e.g. Australia, or Thailand) Source: Simpson, 1976

Ordinance Survey Map - UK

Cadastral Map - Thailand

Survey Plan - Thailand

Urban Photomap - Thailand

Cadastral Overlay - Thailand

Spatial Portal - NSW

DCDB – 33 Foothills Road

Deposited Plan 29894

10

1.0

0.01

0.001

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

Equipment Cost US$

Acc

urac

y (m

)

Source: Dale and McLaughlin 1999

SURVEY: Cost vs Precision

SURVEY OPTIONS• Graphical

– Plane-table– Square offset (optical square/cross staff)– Imagery (unrectified, rectified, ortho)– Large scale topographic maps

• Digital– GPS (including RTK GPS)– Electronic total-stations– Digital photomaps (aerial/satellite, other

sensors)

PHILIPPINES – SNS REPORT

HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGRY

Source: Y. V. N. Krishnamurthy, 2010

SPATIAL FRAMEWORK - SUMMARY

• For registry cadastre completeness and currency are more important than accuracy

• Survey is typically a major cost component (~50%) in both for compilation and maintenance

• No country has adopted a full high accuracy/cost approach in implementing land administration reform