spanish semester exam review

By: Lisa Natale

The Kinds of ArticlesArticles

Definite Indefinite

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

el los la las un unos una unas

A definite article is a

form of “the”.

You use definite articles when you are referring to a

specific item.

Hand me the book.

The Kinds of Definite Articles

Definite Articles

Masculine Feminine

Singular Plural Singular Plural

el los la las

An indefinite article is a form

of

“a / an”

You would use an indefinite article in the instance “Hand me a

book” – you do not have a

particular book in mind. Any old book will do.

LOS EJEMPLOS…Necisito un boligrafo.

VS.Necisito el boligrafo.

(I need a pen VS I need the pen)

The Kinds of Definite Articles

Indefinite Articles

Masculine Feminine

Singular Plural Singular Plural

un unos una unas

Be sure to learn the definite article with the noun, that way

you can be sure of the gender of the noun.

Especially if the word doesn’t

end in an or an .

LOS EJEMPLOS…El coche - the carEl examen – the testLa clase –the classLa lección – the lesson

When you have a feminine word that

begins with an “a” or a “ha” you use the

masculine singular form of the definite and indefinite articles.

The Reason:If you use “la” or “una” it blends into the first syllable of the word.

BE CAREFUL!Be sure to use to use the feminine plural

article though! Technically these nouns

are still feminine.

LOS EJEMPLOS…El agua BUT las aquasUn alma BUT unas almasEl hacha BUT los hachas

In the Spanish language

everything must match.

This means that the adjectives must match

the nouns they are modifying, and the verb ending must match up with the person doing

the action.

You must change all infinitive verb endings to the

proper nouns/pronouns.

For the strange verbs with

exceptions, you just have to

memorize the verb table.

-ar verbs

o amos

as áis

a an

-er verbs

o Emos

es éis

e en

ser

soy somos

eres sois

es son

tener

tengo tenemos

tienes tenéis

tiene tienen

ir

voy vamos

vas vais

va van

estar

estoy estamos

estás estáis

está están

llamar

me llamonos

llamamos

te llamas os llamáis

se llama se llaman

con

conmigocon

nosotros/as

contigocon

vosotros/as

con Ud., el, ella

con uds., ellos, ellas

LOS EJEMPLOS…Yo ayudar ayudo.Nosotras cocinar cocinamos.Ella leer lee. Ellos beber beben.Yo ser soy trabajadora.Tu tener tienes.

LOS EJEMPLOS…

Los boligrafos rojosUna mesa verdeLa clase de Español

Making Nouns Plural

Generalmente you just add –s to words that end in a vowel and –es to

wods that end in a consonant.

The plural definite articles los and las are used with plural nouns. The indefinite plurals articles

unos and unas are used with plural nouns as well.

Los is used with a plural noun that indicated both males and females.

Singular nouns that end in the letter z change the z to c in the plural and add –

es.

Use me gustan and me encantan to talk about a plural noun.

LOS EJEMPLOS…No me gustan las uvas

verdes pero me encantan las manzanas rojas.

Possessive Pronouns

mi nuestro/a

tu vuestro/a

su su

One way to indicate possession is to use a noun followed by de and the owner’s name

(there are no apostrophes in Spanish)

Note: de+el=del

LOS EJEMPLOS…Los libros de Javier

El lapiz de la muchachaEl perro de la familia LopezLas mesas del muchacho

¡MUY IMPORTANTE!• Nuestro agrees with the noun it modifies not the owner!• Only use su when you already mentioned the item and the

owner.

LOS EJEMPLOS…

Mi libroMis librosNuestro perroNuestra casa

GOOD

LUCK!

I hope this helps

on the exam!