spanish conquest
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GodGoldGlory
Montezuma II, became emperor of the Aztecs in 1502. The Aztecs were the
most powerful people in Mesoamerica and were at war with all of their neighbors.
Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs
Montezuma’s palace
The Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernan Cortez, landed on the Gulf Coast of Mexico in 1519.
After marching inland, Cortez made an agreement with the people of Tlaxcala to defeat the Aztecs.
Cortez and the Tlaxcalans
On November 8, 1519, Cortez and his soldiers came to Tenochtitlan as guests of Montezuma.
They soon took over the city and Montezuma a puppet ruler.
In June of 1520, the Spaniards massacred unarmed priests and dancers in the main temple of Tenochtitlan.
Montezuma died after the massacre.
The Spaniards fled the city due to social unrest.
Cortez and Montezuma
They returned the following year to conquer the Aztecs.
At the same time, epidemic diseases brought from Europe, especially smallpox and typhus, were killing the Aztecs.
Tenochtitlan fell on August 13, 1521.
Montezuma
Cortez
Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish soldier who had come to the Americas in 1502 and had taken part in expeditions in Panama and the South American coast.
He heard of a land full of gold called “Piru” (Peru) in South America.
Spanish Conquest of the Inca
On an expedition in 1526, Pizarro captured gold, silver and precious gems from Inca traders.
Inca goldInca tunic
In 1525 the Incan Emperor died of smallpox, leaving the empire divided among his two sons.
Civil war and smallpox eventually weakened the Incan Empire.
Cusco
Quito
Pizarro attacked the Inca with only 180 soldiers and 27 horses in 1532.
The last Inca ruler, Tupac Amaru, was executed by the Spaniards in 1572. This signaled the end of the Inca empire.
Inca-Spanish battle at Cajamarca
What three factors led to the Spanish conquest of Latin
America?Political instability
Military Technology
Disease
The Spread of Christianity
• Dominican, Franciscan, and Jesuit missionaries
• Why were the Christian missionaries so successful at spreading Christianity in Latin America?
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