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Green chemistry

Ultrasound as a green activator

Nhóm 12 Khoa KTHH

Nhóm 12 Khoa KTHH

Contents

Power of ultrasound

Introduction

Ultrasonic devices

Application

Conclusion

1 Introduction

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sonochemistry

1 Introduction

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2 Power of ultrasound

Cavitation

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2 Power of ultrasound

The formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles

in a liquidNhóm 12 Khoa KTHH

2 Power of ultrasound

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3 Ultrasonic devices

ultrasonic bath

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ultrasonic horn

3 Ultrasonic devices

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4. Application of ultrasound

Sonochemistr

y

Organic synthesis

Material science

Food industry

Therapy

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4. Application of ultrasound

Natural dye extraction

Organic synthesis

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4.1 Ultrasound assisted enhancement

in natural dye extraction.

Synthetic

dyes

(10–

35%)

carcinogens

health hazard

s

Environment

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Good alternative

Beetroot

good colorant yield

non allergi

c

non toxic

4.1 Ultrasound assisted enhancement

in natural dye extraction.

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Ultrasound in beetrootdyeing process

Environmental benefits

Recycle

Economic benefits

yields of extract

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4.1 Benefits

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

HMMBI ? as a base compound of some pharmaceutical products : an antidepressant, epilepsies therapy,...

5-hydroxymethyl-2-mercapto-1- benzylimidazole

Sono-synthetic Sonicate- Indirectly with 500kHZ- Directly with 20kHZ

apparatus

Control method Mix for a long time

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

at 7 0C

90% afte

r half an

hour

70% about 72 h

20kHz directly 500kHz indirectly

Synthesis under control and indirect sonication (500 kHz)

Synthesis under direct sonication (20 kHz) Synthesis under different acoustic powers

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

INDIRECT SONO 500kHz vs Classic

9.4 times

at 70C

2.6 times

at 250C

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

SONO 20kHz vs CLASSIC

9,7 times at 70c

3.8 times

at 250c

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

The yield was higher in direct sonication than indirect one, especially at lower temperature (70C).

9,7 9,4

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

3

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

Synthesis under different acoustic powers

The best result

Low temperature

High acoustic power

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

ULTRASOUND

enhanced the yield of HMMBI to about

10 times

under CONVENTIONAL CONDITIONS.

4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of HMMBI

Conclusion

Prevent waste

Use safer solvents and

reaction conditions

Minimize the potential for

accidents

Increase energy

efficiency

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Green principles

Thank you

for listening

References

Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar *, J. Lakshmi Anna, J. Vijayeeswarri,’ Ultrasound assisted enhancement in natural dye extraction from beetroot for industrial applications and natural dyeing of leather’,2009.

Mohammad H. Entezari*, Azam Asghari, ‘Ultrasound improves the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-mercapto-1-benzylimidazole as a base compound of some pharmaceutical products’,2008.

]. Timothy J. Mason, John P. Lorimer, Applied sonochemistry: Uses of power ultrasound in chemistry and processing, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2002.

Temperature

Temperature

There are two types of effects mediated by ultrasound: chemical and physical. When the quantity of bubbles is low – using standard laboratory equipment - it is mainly physical rate acceleration that plays a role. For example, a specific effect is the asymmetric collapse near a solid surface, which forms microjets. This effect is the reason why ultrasound is very effective in cleaning, and is also responsible for rate acceleration in multiphasic reactions, since surface cleaning and erosion lead to improved mass transport.

Microjet