somatic sensory system aqsa sjuhada department of oral biology faculty of dentistry airlangga...

SOMATIC SENSORY SYSTEMSOMATIC SENSORY SYSTEM

AQSA SJUHADAAQSA SJUHADADepartment of Oral Biology Department of Oral Biology

Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga UniversityFaculty of Dentistry Airlangga University

REFLEX

Effector

Central Nervous System

Receptor

Afferent system

Efferent system

Stimulation

Muscle

Senses =Senses = indera/indera/sensasi-sensorissensasi-sensoris

Somatik

Khusus /special :

Otonomik

visus,olfactorius,auditorius,vestibular, taste

SENSORY RECEPTORSENSORY RECEPTOR

- The part of a neuron or specialized cells that - The part of a neuron or specialized cells that generates action potential in neuron.generates action potential in neuron.

- Often associated with nonneural cells that Often associated with nonneural cells that surround it, forming a surround it, forming a sense organsense organ

- Including mechanical (touch, pressure), Including mechanical (touch, pressure), thermal (degree of warmth), electromagnetic thermal (degree of warmth), electromagnetic (light), chemical energy (odor, taste, (light), chemical energy (odor, taste, concentration of Oconcentration of O22 and CO and CO22))

- Require adequate stimulus to generate Require adequate stimulus to generate action potentialaction potential

SENSORY SENSORY MODALITYMODALITY

- VisionVision- HearingHearing- SmellSmell- TasteTaste- Rotational accelerationRotational acceleration- Linear accelerationLinear acceleration- Touch-pressureTouch-pressure- WarmthWarmth- ColdCold

- PainPain- Joint position and movementJoint position and movement- Muscle lengthMuscle length- Muscle tensionMuscle tension- Arterial blood pressureArterial blood pressure- Central venous pressureCentral venous pressure- Inflation of lungInflation of lung- Blood temperature in brainBlood temperature in brain- Arterial PO2Arterial PO2- pH of CSFpH of CSF- Osmotic pressure of plasmaOsmotic pressure of plasma- Arteiovenous blood glucose Arteiovenous blood glucose

differencedifference

Classification of sensory receptors:Classification of sensory receptors:1.1. Teleceptors (distance receivers)Teleceptors (distance receivers)2.2. Exteroceptors Exteroceptors 3.3. InteroceptorsInteroceptors4.4. Proprioceptors (body image)Proprioceptors (body image)

Cutaneous sense :Cutaneous sense :- Touch-pressureTouch-pressure- Cold-warmthCold-warmth- Pain Pain

Cutaneous sense organ:Cutaneous sense organ: Ruffini endings : heavy touch, pressureRuffini endings : heavy touch, pressure Merkel’s disks : touch, low freq. vibrationMerkel’s disks : touch, low freq. vibration Meissner’s corpuscles : light touchMeissner’s corpuscles : light touch Paccinian corpuscles : touch, vibrationPaccinian corpuscles : touch, vibration Free nerve ending : painFree nerve ending : pain

Two systems in sensory transmission:Two systems in sensory transmission:1.1. The dorsal column-Lemniscal SystemThe dorsal column-Lemniscal System

- localization touch system- localization touch system- fine touch system- fine touch system- vibratory sensation- vibratory sensation- position- position- pressure- pressure

2.2. The anterolateral system / sys. spinothalamicus The anterolateral system / sys. spinothalamicus lateralislateralis- pain- pain- thermal sensation- thermal sensation- tickle and itch sensation- tickle and itch sensation- sexual sensation- sexual sensation- crude touch- crude touch

TONGUETONGUE

Has 2 important innervationsHas 2 important innervations

1.1. N. lingualis (branch of N. trigeminus), N. lingualis (branch of N. trigeminus), innervate the pressure, touch and pain.innervate the pressure, touch and pain.

2.2. N. facialis, innervate the tasteN. facialis, innervate the taste

PAINPAIN

Sherington’s philosophy:Sherington’s philosophy:

““unique built-in unpleasant affect”unique built-in unpleasant affect”

““the physical adjunct of an imperative the physical adjunct of an imperative protective reflex”protective reflex”

PAINPAIN Is one of the somatic sensory modalitiesIs one of the somatic sensory modalities Receptor: FREE NERVE ENDINGReceptor: FREE NERVE ENDING Sensory peripheral nerve:Sensory peripheral nerve:

- A- Aδδ type (myelinated): for fast pain type (myelinated): for fast pain- C type (unmyelinated): for slow pain- C type (unmyelinated): for slow pain

Medulla spinalis conduction:Medulla spinalis conduction:- anterolateral system atau - anterolateral system atau tractus spinothalamicus lateralis tractus spinothalamicus lateralis

Center of perception and interpretation:Center of perception and interpretation:- gyrus post-centralis / SSA I- gyrus post-centralis / SSA I

Fast pain:Fast pain:- Also known as sharp pain, pricking pain, acute Also known as sharp pain, pricking pain, acute

pain, electric pain.pain, electric pain.- Occurs within about 0.1 seconds after pain Occurs within about 0.1 seconds after pain

stimulus appliedstimulus applied

Slow painSlow pain- Begins after 1 second or more seconds after pain Begins after 1 second or more seconds after pain

stimulus applied and then increases slowly.stimulus applied and then increases slowly.- Also known as burning pain, aching pain, Also known as burning pain, aching pain,

throbbing pain, nauseous pain, chronic pain.throbbing pain, nauseous pain, chronic pain.

In which category DENTAL PAIN belongs to?In which category DENTAL PAIN belongs to?

S . S . A . I : Gyrus Postcentralis

PAIN - Impuls PAIN - Impuls pathwayspathways

Free nerve endings

A / C Med.

Spinalis

Thalamus

Tr.

Spino-

thalamicus

Pain mechanism on Pain mechanism on Free Nerve EndingFree Nerve Ending

trauma

Neurolemma / axolemma

Some substances

Free nerve ending

STIMULATIONS can generate PAIN

Mechanics , Thermal

Chemical , Electrical

Ischemia / infark

Muscle spasm

Sensory nerve

Free nerve

ending

large view

Traumatic Lesion

Action PotentialFree nerve

ending

Damaged cells

PE

Polypeptide+

Some substance

Some substance

Axolemma Permeability

Very easy to generate action potential

Free nerve ending

Some substanceSome substance

Bradikinin Prostaglandin

Histamin Substan P

Serotonin Leukotrien

Enzim proteolitik dll.

CephalgiCausal :

Intra cranial

Extra cranialMeningitis, encephalitis

Trauma kepala

Tek. Cairan serebro-spinal

Tumor, dll.

Spasme otot leher, kepala.

Sinusitis, obstruksi nasi.

Febris, influenza dll.

Thalamus

Tempat relay / sinap :

Impuls sensoris, kecuali :

Olfactorius & Otonomik

Thalamussynonym : kamar bertirai

Impuls Nyeri sinap di :

Nuclei ventrobasal

Resume

Receptor Med. spinalis

Thalamus

S.S.A. I = Gyrus postcentralisDibantu oleh :

SSA.II & SSAA

HOME WORK :

Bagaimana konduksi impuls NYERI

daerah wajah, gigi-geligi & lidah ?

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