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SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY
SUDARSONO
SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY
SUDARSONO16 SEPTEMBER 2011
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TujuanTujuan
MembentukSystems
MenguasaiSystemsSystems
thinkerSystems
methodology
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Peserta PimTi Sebagai Systems Thinker?Peserta PimTi Sebagai Systems Thinker?
Peter Checkland Kim Dae Jung Wali/Wawali Solo
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TIDAK MUDAH MEMBENTUK SYSTEMS THINKER
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Penguatan Sinergi Pemerintah-Masyarakat-Dunia Usaha Dalam Rangka Akselerasi Pencapaian
Pembangunan BerkeadilanQualitative Research
1 Phenomenological
Quantitative Research
1 Positivist1. Phenomenological2. Inductive3. Holistic4. Subjective/insider centered
1. Positivist2. Hypothetical/deductive3. Particularistic4. Objective/outsider orientedj /
5. Process Oriented6. Anthropological worldview7. Relative lack of control
j /5. Outcome oriented6. Natural science world view7. Attempt to control variables
8. Goal: understand actor’s view9. Dynamic Reality10. Discovery oriented
8. Goal: find fact and causes9. Static reality assumed10. Verification oriented
SWOT or BLACK BOX analysis?
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Penguatan Sinergi Pemerintah MasyarakatPenguatan Sinergi Pemerintah-Masyarakat-Dunia Usaha Dalam Rangka Akselerasi Pencapaian Pembangunan Berkeadilan
Seeing the company as a System
Seeing the issue as a systemSeeing the issue as a system
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AKSELERASI PENCAPAIAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKEADILAN
MASYARAKATPEMERINTAH
DUNIA USAHA
Seeing the issue as a system?
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ParadigmsParadigms
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The Complexity Turn
1 The social and cultural sciences have experienced a whole1. The social and cultural sciences have experienced a wholearray of incursions over the past fiew decades.
2. This turn derives from development within physics, biology,, ,mathematics, ecology, chemistry and economics, fromrevival of neo-vitalism in social though, and from theemergence of a more general ‘complex structure of feeling’that challenges some everyday notions of social order.
3 An array of transformations took place loosely known as3. An array of transformations took place, loosely known aschaos, complexity, non-linierity and dynamical systemsanalysis.y
4. A shift from reductionist analysis to those that involve thestudy of complex adaptive (‘vital’) matter.(John Urry, 2005; Global Complexity, 2003, Automobilities, 2005)
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Dynamic complexity Di mana hubungan antara sebab dengan
akibatnya bersifat halus tidak kentaray(subtle).
Di mana pengaruh intervensi dalam kurunk id k b i k ( b i )waktu tertentu tidak begitu nampak (obvious)
Di mana tindakan yang sama memiliki efekjangka panjang yang sangat berbeda denganjangka panjang yang sangat berbeda denganefek jangka pendeknya.
Di mana suatu tindakan memiliki sejumlahD mana suatu t ndakan mem l k sejumlahpengaruh pada suatu bagian yang sangatberbeda dengan pengaruhnya pada bagian laindalam sistem yang sama. (Senge, 1990)
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Qualitative Quantitative Systems Thinking Approach
Phenomenological Positivist Interpretivism, and Realism
Inductive Hypothetical/deductive Seeing interrelationship rather than things (holonic), systemic.
Holistic Particularistic A discipline for seeing wholes
Subjective/insider centered Objective/outsider oriented Duality of structure, integrative-perspective, both objectivist and subjectivist
Process Oriented Outcome oriented 1. A scientific approach to problem-solving
2. Action research
Anthropological worldview Natural Science world view 1. Take the world to be holonic
2. Creates the process of enquiry as a holon
Relative lack of control Attempt to control variables 1. Structuration
2. Wholism
Goal: understand actor’s Goal: find fact and causes 1. Optimum solution
view 2. Improvement for problematical situation
Dynamic Reality Static reality assumed Dynamic complexity
Discovery oriented Verification orieted 1 An approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time Discovery oriented Verification orieted 1. An approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time.
2. A. reasonably comprehensive understanding of the interrelationships of the
various aspects of the problem situation
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Philosophical approach Purpose Constructivist
Ontological position (about the form and Reality exists Multiple perceptions of reality
nature of reality) Systems do exist and do have a clear purpose
and well-defined boundaries
Systems do exist only to the extent that
people agree on the goals, the boundaries and
their components
E i l i l i i Ob i l d b bj i N l b i i ibl Epistemological position
(about the relationship between the researcher and
the researched
Observations are not coloured by subjective
aspects of the scientist or his/her instruments
Neutral observations are impossible
How are phenomena experienced? Biophysical and social phenomena are
experienced as constant, regular, reoccurring
and predictable
Biophysical and social phenomena are
experienced as dynamic, chaotic, changing
and unpredictable
Research design Strong focus on the testing of hypothesis
Focus on the use of quantitative methods
Focus on improving current problem
Less focus on the use of hypothesis
Focus on the use of qualitative methods
Focusing on how to realize a desired future p g p g
situation
Purpose Objective knowledge
Generalization
Socially constructed knowledge to increase
our understanding for more effective action
Maximizing efficiency Particularities or generalizaions for one
particular context
Innovations
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HARD AND SOFT SYSTEMS THINKINGHARD AND SOFT SYSTEMS THINKING
C Jostin Khisty, 1995
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Contoh model dalam Hard Systems: Dynamics Knowing Organization(free method system dynamics)
AttributingCompetency
Belief in Tech &Ethics
EnactedOpportunity
Ecological Change
Customer NeedSolution
KnowledgeIdentified
Identity
IdentityConstruction-
CustomerTraining
Revenue
Innovation/CustomizedProduct
Friction ofIdentity
+
B
Knowledge
Quality of ProjectE ti
Revenue
OrganizationalKnowledgeRepository
SharedKnowledge
Knew Knowledgefrom Task
SalesIdentity
Constructionof 3 CoPs +
+
+
Execution
ProjectCompletion
New Project
Staff
Staff KnowlegeGap
Sumber: Wahyudi Atmoko, disertasi program doktor
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AKSELERASI PENCAPAIAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKEADILAN
MASYARAKATPEMERINTAH
DUNIA USAHA
SYSTEMS THINKING
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Ban+ kerangka+mesin+suku cadang lain= Ban+kerangka+mesin+suku cadang lain=
Konsep Serba Sistem: Sebuah adaptive whole
g g
gundukan suku cadangg g
mobil
Tidak ada proses komunikasi dan Ada proses komunikasi dan interTidak ada proses komunikasi daninter relasi
Ada proses komunikasi dan inter relasi
Tidak ada proses kontrol Ada proses kontrol
Tidak ada layered structure Ada layered structure
Tidak ada emergent property Ada emergent property
Tidak ada lingkungan Ada lingkungan
Bukan sebuah SYSTEM Sebuah SYSTEM
Bukan adaptive whole Sebuah adaptive WholeBukan adaptive whole Sebuah adaptive Whole
Human Activity System= purpesful activity system= adaptive wholeHuman Activity System= purpesful activity system= adaptive whole
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Akselerasi Pencapaian Pembangunan Berkeadilan =
?systems apa?
Natural systems
?
Dunia UsahaPemerintah Designed
Abstract Systems
Human Activity Systems
MasyarakatSocial and Cultural Systems
Designed Physical Systems
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SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKINGSOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING
SSM SYSTEM DYNAMICSSSM
Problematic Sit ti
• Improving, Changing, Enhancing•Dealing with complexity
SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Problems
• Seeking solutions• Dealing with complexity
Situation
•Action Research•Systems thinking based
Problems
• A scientific approach to problem solving• Systems thinking based
Methodology
C t l M d l
Methodology
• Systems thinking based
•Models
Modeling and Simulation
•Conceptual Model•No validation•No simulation•A Learning system
Modeling and simulation
•With or without model validation•With or without simulation•With or without software
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SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKINGSOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING
SSM SYSTEM DYNAMICSSSM
Human Activity Systems
SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Designed Abstract SystemsHuman Activity Systems Designed Abstract Systems
Seven‐stage model CLD, SFD, BOT, Archetypes
Two streams of enquiry With or without simulation
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th ld t i1. Observer (hard systems methodology)
SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING
the world: systemicsystem
system
the observer’sperceived real world
system
I h h I
the process ofi i t i
2. Observer (soft systems methodology)
I spy systems which I can engineer
inquiry: systemic
the observer’sperceived real world
I spy complexity and confusion; but I can organize exploration of it as a learning systems
3. Others: cognitive mapping, causal mapping, SODA.
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AKSELERASI PENCAPAIAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKEADILAN
?
MASYARAKATPEMERINTAH
DUNIA USAHA
?
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SOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKINGSOFT AND HARD SYSTEMS THINKING
SSM SYSTEM DYNAMICSSSM
Human Activity Systems
SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Designed Abstract SystemsHuman Activity Systems Designed Abstract Systems
Seven‐stage model CLD, SFD, BOT, Archetypes
Two streams of enquiry With or without simulation
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
Akselerasi Pencapaian Pembangunan k d lBerkeadilan
Human Activity Systemsy y
Systems of Activities Social systems
Relationships
Logical dependenciesInterpersonal
Elements
Activities (what) People doing the activities (how)Activities (what) People doing the activities (how)
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The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally
feasible
Comparison of models and real worldProblems situation
expressedexpressed
Real world
Systems thinking about real world
Root definition of relevant f l ti it t
Conceptual models of the systems (holons) named in the rootpurposeful activity systems named in the root
definition
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1 Halaman 27 s/d 52 Peter Checkland dan Jim1.Halaman 27 s/d 52 Peter Checkland dan Jim Scholes, 1990
2 Peter Checkland and John Poulter 20062.Peter Checkland and John Poulter, 2006.
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The general form of purposeful activity model
Activity 1 Activity 2
3
4
OPERATIONS
65
6
Take control7
MONITORING
Monitor
Take controlaction
MONITORINGAND CONTROL
Monitor1‐7 Define measures
of performance
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Appraise the color
Model dari sebuah tindakan yang punya maksud mengecat pagar
ppscheme ofd property
Decide the scope of the task:‐importance‐ resources
12
OPERATIONS3
Prepare fencefor paint 4
Obtain paint Obtain brush65
Take control
Apply paint to fence
5
7
Monitor
Take controlaction
7
Monitor1‐7 Define measures
of performance
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The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally
feasible
Comparison of models and real worldProblems situation
expressedexpressed
Real world
Systems thinking about real world
Root definition of relevant f l ti it t
Conceptual models of the systems (holons) named in the rootpurposeful activity systems named in the root
definition
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Changes:systematically desirable,
culturally feasible
Comparison of models and real world
Stream of Cultural Enquiry: Analysis One, Two, Three One, Two, Three
(Rich Picture)Real world
Systems thinking about real world
Root definition of relevant purposeful activity
Conceptual models of the systems (holons)
named in the rootp p ysystems
named in the root definition
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally
feasible
Comparison of models and real worldProblems situation
expressed (Rich Picture)expressed (Rich Picture)
Real world
Systems thinking about real world
Stream of Lagic Based Enquiry
Stream of Logic Based Enquiryq y
Root definition
q yConceptual models
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Changes: systematically desirable, culturally
feasible
Comparison of models and real worldProblems situation
expressed (Rich Picture)expressed (Rich Picture)
Real world
Systems thinking about real world
Stream of Lagic Based Enquiry
Stream of Logic Based Enquiryq y
Root definition
q yConceptual models
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
SSMSSM
CULTURAL BASED STREAM OF ANALYSIS
LOGIC BASED OF ANALYSIS STREAM OF
THINKING
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CULTURAL STREAM OF THINKINGCULTURAL STREAM OF THINKING
ANALYSIS ONE
RICH PICTURE
ANALYSIS TWO
ANALYSIS THREE
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LOGIC BASED STREAM OF THINKINGLOGIC BASED STREAM OF THINKING
SELECTING RELEVANT SYSTEM
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
CATWOEMODELLING
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SSM : Analisis CATWOE
Elements of CATWOE DescriptionCustomers Who are the victims or beneficieariesCustomers Who are the victims or beneficiearies
of the transformation
Actors Who make the transformation happenppTransformation What are the inputs and
(transformed) outputssWeltanschaung What makes the transformationWeltanschaung What makes the transformation
meaningful in context?
Owners Who could stop the transformationOwners Who could stop the transformationprocess
EnvironmentalConstraint
Which elements outside the systemsare taken as givenConstraint are taken as given
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SSM as an Action Research(Surakarta and Depok)
1. To Introduce a new version of social developmentconcept.
2 To identify a set of social development indicators2. To identify a set of social development indicatorsbased on the new concept of social development.
3. Basic elements of social intercourse: structuralelements cultural elements and social processelements, cultural elements and social process.
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47
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KABUR BERTAHAN
48BERTAHAN DAN KELILING
Pendatang baru
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Menolak relokasi Mediator
49
Gerobak bernomorTanpa relokasi
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Perda 3/2008
Demo PKLPerda 3/2008
1. Pasal 16 ayat 1, laranganmembeli barangmembeli barangdagangan PKL di tempatyang tidak berijin
2. Pasal 16 ayat 3b, KTPSolo
1. Ketidakberhasilan di salam satu tempat relokasi di belakang1 p gkampus UNS
2. Pembangunan sosial di kabupaten sekitar atau daerah lain yangjauhjauh
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MENUJU KEBAHAGIAAN?MENUJU KEBAHAGIAAN?
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AN APPLICATION OF SOFT SYSTEMSAN APPLICATION OF SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY TO
CONCEPTUALIZE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR THE
INFORMAL SECTOR
Sudarsono HardjosoekartoDepartment of Sociology
F lt f S i l d P liti l S iFaculty of Social and Political Sciences The University of Indonesia
Campus FISIP-UI, Depok 16424Indonesia
Email: sudarsono.h@ui.ac.id
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
Abstract
This paper proposes a new version of social development concept which is moreThis paper proposes a new version of social development concept which is moresociological in the sense that it emphasizes on the improvement of basic elementsof social intercourse, namely structural elements, cultural elements, and processelements. Field research was conducted in two cities to identify the extent of socialfy fdevelopment - as indicated by the improvement of basic elements of socialintercourse –in the area of street vendor promotion program. Soft SystemsMethodology is being applied as a tool to enquire social development process atthe area of the informal sector, to select some related programs or activities thatcould be identified as the most powerful indicators of social development, and toconstruct a new version of social development index.
Keywords: Soft Systems Methodology, social development index, basic elementsof social intercourse, informal sector.
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22‐24 November 2011Venue: Hotel Pullman Dubai Mall of the Emirates
KEY NOTE SPEAKER IN SOCIAL SCIENCESProfessor John UrryDepartment of Sociology,Lancaster University
KEY NOTE SPEAKER IN BUSINESSProfessor Peter ChecklandLancaster University,Lancaster LA1 4YDLancaster University,
Lancaster, LA1 4YD.Lancaster, LA1 4YD.
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Dear Sudarsono Hardjosoekarto
18 Agustus 2011
Dear Sudarsono HardjosoekartoThis is regarding your paper:Title: AN APPLICATION OF SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY TO CONCEPTUALIZE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR INFORMAL SECTORCode No.: 310301
Thank you for submitting your revised paper.Congratulations! In communication with the article review team the ERPBSS committeeCongratulations! In communication with the article review team, the ERPBSS committee has now decided to fully accept your paper.
Thank you
Regards,
Donya SaberiyConference Assistant
First International Conference onFirst International Conference onEmerging Research Paradigms in Business and Social Sciences
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JURNAL RISET
1 R P liti A t 2010
JURNA RIS T
1 Rencana Penelitian Agustus 2010
2 Riset Lapangan November 2010
3 Riset Lapangan Maret 2011p g
4 Abstract 30 Maret 2011
5 Draft Pertama 09 Juni 2011
6 Komentar pertama 08 Juli 2011
7 Draft Kedua 10 Agustus 2011
8 K t K d 15 A t 20118 Komentar Kedua 15 Agustus 2011
9 Draft Ketiga 16 Agustus 2011
10 Paper diterima 18 Agustus 2011p g
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SYSTEMS THINKERSYSTEMS THINKER
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collusive tie between import+
+collusive tie betweenPoliticians andbusiness
lack ofdemocracy
governmentInterruption in financialactivity
nationalcompetitiveness export
d l i
surplus in foreigncurrencies
foreign currencyreserve
financial crisis
+
+
+
++
++
+
--
-
-
--
activity
corruption
marketcompetition
transparancy andadvanced technology
complainof labor
foreign
nationalcredibility
speculativeinvestment
industrial
+
+
++
+
+ +++
++
+
-
--
-
-p
growth first policy
level of economicactivity
jobflexibility in labormarakets
unenployment
pain sharing betweenEmployer and ompleyee
investment industrialrestructuring value of
currency
restrukturing of
++
+ +
+ +
+
++
+--
activity
banckrupcy
money flow
investment
loanBIS ratio
gfinancial institution
interest rate
+
+
++
++
+-
--
--
-
Peta Kausal Presiden Korea Selatan Kim Dae JungPeta Kausal Presiden Korea Selatan Kim Dae Jung
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
“Krisis finansial Korea Selatandisebabkan oleh kegagalan lembaga‐disebabkan oleh kegagalan lembagalembaga keuangan domestik danh d i i l thancurnya daya saing nasional, sertatidak adanya demokrasi”
Presiden Kim Dae Jung
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
CAUSAL MAPCAUSAL MAP PRESIDEN KIMPRESIDEN KIM ::
“Serba Sistem Krisis Korea Dipercaya Ditandai oleh
CAUSAL MAPCAUSAL MAP PRESIDEN KIM PRESIDEN KIM ::
Systems Building Block: BALANCING”.
b k d h k b d l hKebijakan yg ditempuh atas krisis tsb adalahpenyehatan seluruh variabel dari serba sistem krisiskorea yg bersifat balancing melalui reformasi politikdan institusi finansial.
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
Currency values of
Competitiveness ofOther countries export
Nationalcompetitiveness
Cost import
++
+-
--
Value of currency
yOther countries Opportunity for
Speculativeinvestment
Prosper-thy-neighbourpolicy
Wealth of othernation
Wealth of nation
Capability to defendAgainst speculativeinvestment National credibility
Speculativeinvestment
+
+
++
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
-
+--
-
Value of currency
Interest rate
Purchasing power
immigration
stability
Investmentt it
Wealth of nation
bankkrupcyStock value
Market size
+
++
+
++
++
+
-
-
+- -
Purchasing power
wage
inflationopportunity
Foreign investment+ +
-
+
-
Peta Kausal Perdana Menteri Malaysia Dr Mahatir MuhammadPeta Kausal Perdana Menteri Malaysia Dr Mahatir MuhammadPeta Kausal Perdana Menteri Malaysia Dr. Mahatir MuhammadPeta Kausal Perdana Menteri Malaysia Dr. Mahatir Muhammad
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“Krisis ekonomi moneter Malaysiadisebabkan oleh kegiatan investasispekulatif orang asing yangspekulatif orang asing yangmenggerogoti kekayaan negara”
PM. Mahathir MuhammadPM. Mahathir Muhammad
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
CAUSAL MAPCAUSAL MAP
“Serba sistem krisis Malaysia dipercaya ditandai
DR MAHATHIR MUHAMMADDR MAHATHIR MUHAMMAD :
oleh systems building block Negative ReinforcingLoops (lingkaran setan)”.
Kebijakan pemulihan yg ditempuh adalahmemotong lingkaran krisis yg bersifat lingkarang g yg gsetan tsb al dg cara melarang perdagangan ringgitdan menetapkan nilai tukar tetap.
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Presiden Soeharto“Pembuatan Mercedez kurang lebih dua k li d i il i t b h b t
Presiden Soeharto
kali dari nilai tambah pembuatan Vokswagen, maka added value dalam pembuatan pesawat terbang akan berjumlah puluhan kali dari added value j ppembuatan mobil Mercedez”.
““SayaSaya yakinyakin, IPTN , IPTN dapatdapat bersaingbersaing didipasaranpasaran internasionalinternasional”.”.
68
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Pembangunan Berkeadilan (2011)
Tokyo 1990
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Presiden Soeharto
““LangkahLangkah--langkahlangkah pentingpenting lainnyalainnya
Presiden Soeharto
gg gg p gp g yyadalahadalah ……....,, menghapuskanmenghapuskan monopolimonopolisertaserta menghapusmenghapus kemudahankemudahan--g pg pkemudahankemudahan khususkhusus untukuntuk mobilmobilnasionalnasional dandan IndustriIndustri PesawatPesawatTerbangTerbang Nusantara”Nusantara”..
70
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Presiden BJ Habibie“Kenyataan-kenyataan ini, membangkitkan kembalikesadaran kita bahwa tidak mungkin kita akangberhasil meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat, jika kitatidak sungguh-sungguh membangun ekonomi yangb b k ”berbasiskan pertanian”.
“Di era reformasi ini saya menggariskan“Di era reformasi ini, saya menggariskankebijakan agar pembangunan sektor
t i k b li j di kt d lpertanian kembali menjadi sektor andalandalam pembangunan kita”
71
15 Agustus 1998
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Pailit PT DI Lompatan Raksasa Yang Terantuk diPailit PT DI, Lompatan Raksasa Yang Terantuk diPengadilan
Jakarta (ANTARA News) Pekik haru dan penuh syukur segera menggema diJakarta (ANTARA News) ‐ Pekik haru dan penuh syukur segera menggema diruang Pengadilan Negeri (PN) Jakarta Pusat, Selasa (4/9), ketika majelishakim memaklumatkan PT Dirgantara Indonesia (DI) memenuhi syarat untukdinyatakan pailit.dinyatakan pailit.
Entah apa yang terbayang dalam pikiran ratusan mantan karyawan PT DIsaat mendengar gugatan pailit mereka dikabulkan untuk seluruhnya.
Mungkin masa depan yang lebih baik, karena kompensasi pesangon dantunjangan hari tua yang mereka tuntut selama empat tahun dapat segeraterbayar melalui pelelangan aset PT DI yang telah dinyatakan bangkrut.
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
Indonesia Impor Lele dan Teri
IMPOR LELEIMPOR LELE
LELE IMPOR 7.500 RP/KGLELE DOMESTIK 10 000 Rp/KGLELE DOMESTIK 10.000 Rp/KG
73
IMPOR BUAH CHINA
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SYSTEMS THINKING for ADULTSADULTS
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JALAN PANJANG
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KENDALA MEMBENTUK PESERTA PIMPTI SEBAGAI SYSTEMS THINKERSEBAGAI SYSTEMS THINKER
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© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
KETIDAKBERDAYAAN BELAJARKETIDAKBERDAYAAN BELAJARKETIDAKBERDAYAAN BELAJARKETIDAKBERDAYAAN BELAJAR
1.1. I am my positionI am my positiony py p2.2. The enemy is out thereThe enemy is out there33 The illusion of taking chargeThe illusion of taking charge3.3. The illusion of taking chargeThe illusion of taking charge4.4. The fixation on eventsThe fixation on events55 The parable of boiled frogThe parable of boiled frog5.5. The parable of boiled frogThe parable of boiled frog6.6. The delusion of learning from The delusion of learning from
e periencee perienceexperience experience 7.7. The myth of the management teamThe myth of the management team
77
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1. A PAINFUL PROCESS
2. LEARNING DISABILITIES
Instrumen Hukum
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
K l RDG UU
RDG DAMKAR
1999 : Keluar RDG UU 5/1974 Dj Otda2000: Keluar RDG UU 5/1974 Sekjen2001 : Tidak Keluar RDG UU 22/1999 Dj Otda2001 : Tidak Keluar RDG UU 22/1999 Dj Otda
Geser ke Ka Badan Diklat, dllDosen & Petani
2002 : Keluar RDG UU 22/1999 belum ada Keppres 80/2003
Dosen & Petani
2002 : Keluar RDG UU 22/1999 belum ada Keppres 80/2003
Daud: 18 Tahun &Wafat di Tahanan
Hari Sabarno
2010Wafat di Tahanan
Oentarto: 3 tahun
79
Gub: Riau, Jabar, Kepri, Wali Kota: Makasar, Medan, dll
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SYSTEMS THINKING SYSTEMS THINKING FOR KIDSFOR KIDS
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SYSTEMS THINKING FOR KIDSSYSTEMS THINKING FOR KIDS
1. We can’t manage dynamic complexity systems by fragmented viewfragmented view
2. It’s difficult for adults to learn about systems thinking3. Rethinking learning: an expectation to kids education
I believe we should give students a moreeffective way of interpreting the worldeffective way of interpreting the worldaround them. They should gain a greaterand well founded confidence forand well-founded confidence formanaging their lives and the situationthey encounter (Jay Forester 1994)they encounter (Jay Forester, 1994)
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1 Love to learn1. Love to learn2.Will to risk3 Try it3.Try it4.Explore it (Mary Shcheetz, 1996)
1. K-12 kids learning systems thinking2. USA, Taiwan, etc.
a A happy learning experiencea. A happy learning experienceb. To enhance their creativityc. To enhance their presenting abilityp g yd. To enhance their analyzing abilitye. To enhance their ability to understand
interrelationship
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Systems thinking for kids
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PAUD Konvensional
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Bimbingan Minat Belajar Anak
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© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
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90
© Pusdiklat Spimnas 2011
2008 - 2011
9,600
10,800
12,000
6,000
7,200
8,400
2,400
3,600
4,800
0
1,200
JAN
FEB
MA
R
AP
R
MEI
JUN
JUL
AG
UST
SEP
OK
T
NO
P
DES
JAN
FEB
MA
R
AP
R
MEI
JUN
JUL
AG
UST
SEP
OK
T
NO
P
DES
JAN
FEB
MA
R
AP
R
MEI
JUN
JUL
AG
UST
SEP
OK
T
NO
P
DES
JAN
FEB
2008 2009 2010 2011
SPP: 175 ribu/siswa KualitasGaji guru minimal 1 juta/bln Masyarakat yang menilai
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Aku naik motor kesekolah diantark k k ksama ibu naik motor mio motor ibuwa a hitam moto papa j ga wa awarna hitam motor papa juga warnahitam dijalan banyak motorj yUmur 5 tahun
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Saya kalau sore sore makan buburayam pakai krupuk dan kacang truspakai kecap makan sama bunda samap padik rasanya enak sekali kalau bundabuburnya dikasi sambal Usia 6 tahunbuburnya dikasi sambal Usia 6 tahun
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Aku mau beli tas baru belinya di pasar pagi tas barunyaAku mau beli tas baru belinya di pasar pagi tas barunyaaku bawa ke sekolah temanku pada lihat tas barukutemanku pada mau tas baruku aku pergi lagi ke pasar pagik ik t b k k li k kaku ikut bersama mama aku senang sekali karena akusudah diajak pergi aku masuk kedalam lihat tasnya bagussemuanya aku jadi mau semuanya esok harinya akuy j y ykesekolah tasnya diambil sama mama ……. Usia 6 tahun
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Berkualitas, mahal, tidak merataBerkualitas, mahal, tidak merata
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Berkualitas, murah, dan meratabbiMBA‐AIUEO
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Roadmap Pembentukan Karakter Minat Belajard S Thi kdan Systems Thinker
PAUD
SDSTKIP
SMPSMA
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Learning disabilities?Learning disabilities?
Systems thinking
Soft and Hard Causal Maps
SSM System d i
Maps
NUMBER M h dSSM dynamics Method
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Ch
The conventional seven-stage model of SSM
Problem situation considered problematic
Action to improve the problem situation
Changes:systematically
desirable, culturally feasible
Comparison of models and real world
Stream of Cultural Enquiry: Analysis One, Two, Three One, Two, Three
(Rich Picture)Real world
Systems thinking about real world
Root definition of relevant purposeful activity
Conceptual models of the systems (holons)
named in the rootp p ysystems
named in the root definition
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TERIMA KASIHTERIMA KASIH
100
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