sociolinguistics - jargon etc

SOSIOLINGUISTICS IN ESL CONTEXTS (BIL 3083)Lecturer: Mr . Nor Azman b. A.Aziz

Prepared by:

• NOREHA BT. ALI (D20091034397)• WAN NURFATIN SYARMEMY BT W.M. AZMUDDIN

(D20091034408)• ANIS ZULAIKHA BT BASRAH (D20091034413)• ASMA AMIRA BT HAMZAH (D20091034422)• SHIKNESVARY A/P KARUPPAIAH (D20091034433)

CAUSES OF LANGUAGE

CHANGE

EXPRESSION OF NEW MEANING

S

REGULARISATION

DESIRE FOR

NOVELTY

EXPRESSION OF NEW MEANING

S

Ideas That Evolve

New Things New Event

Expression of New Meanings

A need to express new meanings in languages

http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/linguistics/change.jsp

‘’ English language evolves rapidly in just a few centuries ‘’

Speakers adopt new words, sentence structures and

sounds, spread them through the community and

transmit them to the next generation.

NEW THINGS

• Differences between generations and the era • New technologies, industries, products and experiences simply require new words

Examples : Technology # PC – personal computer CPU – central processing unitsDisease # Bird flu AIDS

NEW EVENT

• Common and spectacular events • Acknowledged by others

Examples :

SUMMIT # Meeting between heads of state

SUPERBOWL # Spectacular sports events

GRANDPRIX #

IDEAS THAT EVOLVE

•Words for new ideas Examples : # Edutainment (education + entertainment)# Smog (smoke + fog ) # Sitcom ( situation + comedy )

• Adopted ideas from other societies along with words that name them

Borrowed words - borrowed words soon to cease as borrowings once it becomes common in use.

Examples : # French words in use in English

# French words

Discotheque

Amateur Unique

Double Entendre

A la carte

DESIRE FOR NOVELTY

Jargon Slang

JARGON

• Special words and phrases which are used by particular groups of people, especially in

their work

• An outlandish, technical language of a particular profession, group, or trade

http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/jargon.htm

LINGUISTIC ROLE OF JARGON

Examples

1. Medical profession :Agonal – used to describe a major negative

change in a person’s condition, usually preceding immediate death

2. Computer programmers:Bug- a mistake or problem in a computer

program

http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/jargon.htm

JARGON

1. ARGOT 2. EUPHEMISM

3. IN-GROUP MARKERS

SOCIAL ROLES OF JARGON

1. ARGOTWords and expressions which are used by small groups

of people and which are not easily understood by other people

A specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a particular social class or groups, especially one that

functions outside the law

Jargon may play the roll of an argot to keep others from understanding

http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/argoterm.htm

SOCIAL ROLES OF JARGON

2. EUPHEMISM A word or phrase used to avoid saying unpleasant or

offensive word

Jargon may be intended to make objectionable meanings less objectionable

Examples: • senior citizen for old person• preowned car for used car

• pass away for die

SOCIAL ROLES OF JARGON

3. IN-GROUP MARKERSEnabling members of the occupational

group to announce themselves as such, and to recognise each other by how they talk.

If you are teachers…

Slang

Specialized vocabulary of social groups

Alternative ways of saying things

Purposes of use: Getting attentionValue the cleverness/cuteness

SLANG WORD REFERENCE TYPE OF SLANG

wheels car synecdoche

rad radical clipping

ID identification Acronym

LOL ? ?

BBM ? ?

Slang

How do you ‘call’ your laptop?

LAPPY!!!

REGULARISATION

morphology

syntax

lexicon

• Child learners favor the more regular form of words

• dreamt – dreamed, lit – lighted, fish – fishes• Adult too, cannot be expected to know their

language perfectly• They extend the general rule: strived, lighted (past participle)

morphology

REGULARISATION IN THE LEXICON (Leveling)

Regularisation

• Replacing irregular forms with regular ones.• E.g. (a) gooses instead of geese (b) cow/kine with cows• Erronous regularisation also known as

overregularisation.

A. Leveling

• Lexicon - vocabulary • Loss of secondary form as a result

of extending productive rules.• Contrast between different form

are levelled

Leveling

Basic form

• Wake• Strive • Sow

Irregular form & leveled form

• Woken Waked • Striven Strived • Sown Sowed

B. Syntax

• Sentence structure a) Hopefully, the train will be on time.

b) They waited hopefully for the train. c) Hopefully, they waited for the train.

References

• http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/

• http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/filologie/avram/3.pdf

• http://www.ehess.fr/lscp/persons/anne/master/Hudson-Kam-Newport2005LLD.pdf

• http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_L.html• http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3443

11?uid=3738672&uid=2&uid=4&sid=55868463503

• http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=lin_facpub

• http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/893-0107/893-KRASKA-SZLENK-0-0.PDF

THANK YOU