social studies ileap review. hunters and gatherers wandering/nomadic lifestyles used animals for...
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SOCIAL STUDIES
iLeap Review
Hunters and gatherers•wandering/nomadic lifestyles• Used animals for food,
clothing, and shelter• Bones used for tools• Hunted animals and gathered
plant, berries, for food
Domesticate• To tame plants and animals for
human use
Why were plants and animals domesticated?
• Animals were used to work• Plow saved time and labor• Plants were raised for food
Primary Sources
• Records and artifacts made by and for the people who lived in that time• Artifacts, tools, letters
Secondary Sources
• Records made by people who were not part of an event• Internet articles, magazines,
replicas, encyclopedia, etc
What did the earliest settlers need to live?
•Water source (river valley)•Mild climate for a long
growing season• Fertile soil for farming
How did artifacts from a civilization get to a new
place?• Trade caused artifacts and
ideas to spread to new places
Mesopotamia
• Ziggurats-temples• Sumerian city-states• Code of Hammurabi• “land between two rivers”
Egypt
• Ruled by Pharaohs• Used irrigation• Papyrus used to write/record• Calendar for flooding seasons
Indus Valley
• Known for monsoon winds and rain storms
Phoenician Trade
• Trade with Egypt and Greece across the Mediterranean Sea• Phonetic alphabet, indigo dye
and cloth, boating and shipbuilding skills
Mandate of Heaven
• Chinese believed that heaven (God) gave their emperors the right to rule
Silk Road
• Trade routes that connect China and Asia to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea
Forms of Writing
• Greek – alphabet• Egypt – hieroglyphics• Chinese – symbols• Sumerian - cuneiform
Alexander the Great
• Expanded the Greek empire through many conquests (into Asia, India, Egypt) @ 330 BC• Was made pharaoh of Egypt• Hellenistic Period-blending of
Greek and Asian cultures
Describe a classical civilization
•Major advancements in science and engineering• Elaborate architecture•Writing system, language,
religious beliefs
Vassal
• In the Middle Ages, a noble who offered protection in return for the use of his land
Quran
• Holy book of Islam
Vedas
• Sacred books of the Hindu
Torah
• Sacred books of the Jewish (Judaism)
Hinduism
• Religion of the India• Belief in many gods and
reincarnation
Judaism
• Religion of the Jewish people• Belief in many gods and
reincarnation
Christianity
• Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ• Jesus is son of God
Buddhism
• Based on the teachings of Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)
Who is Siddhartha Gautama?
• Son of a wealthy king• Saw suffering and wanted to
end it• Began religion of Buddhism• He is called “Enlightened One”
Which two religions began in India?
• Hinduism• Buddhism
Which three religions began with Abraham?
• Islam• Judaism• Christianity• (monotheistic, holy city of
Jerusalem)
Major River Civilizations
•Mesopotamia-Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (now Iraq)• Egypt-Nile River• China-Huang He (yellow)River• Indus Valley-Indus River
Cuneiform
• Wedge-shaped writing from Mesopotamia
Oracle Bones
• From Ancient China • To predict the
future • For religious and
political purposes
Which civilization?
Ziggurat Pyramids
• Egypt• Mesopotamia
Which civilization?
Hieroglyphics Silk Robe
• Ancient China• Egypt
Which civilization?
Terra Cotta Army Shaduf
• Ancient Egypt• Ancient China
Which civilization?
Rugs and textiles Gold Burial Mask
• Ancient Egypt• Ancient Persia
Which civilization?
Parthenon-columns Coliseum-arches
• Ancient Rome• Ancient Greece
What was the purpose of the Great Wall of China?
• Protection from invaders
Ancient Greece
• Polytheistic• Democratic form of government• Legal trials with jury made of
ordinary people
Athens
• Named for the Greek Goddess of Wisdom• Lost Peloponnesian War against
Sparta
Ancient Rome
• Representative Democratic form of government• City of power for the Catholic
Church
Describe the feudal system
• In the Middle Ages, this allowed the rulers to control large amounts of land• Serfs- (poor) did all the farm
labor• For power, protection, wealth
Disease
• In 14th century, Black plague killed thousands• Plague spread easily along
trade routes• Death occurred quickly
Charlemagne
• Fought for Christianity• Crowned emperor of Rome by
the pope in 800 AD• First Roman emperor
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
• Established school for navigation• Encouraged sea exploration and
trade• Purpose: to get spices from
Persia and China
Nautical innovations
• Shipbuilding• Navigation tools astrolabe
Nautical innovations
• Shipbuilding
Caravel with Lateen sail for speed
Nautical innovations
• Shipbuilding
Galleon Frigate
How have humans adapted to their environment?
• For water: build levees, dams, irrigation systems• Trade-establish trade routes• Agriculture-use plants, crops
native to that area
What are Push and Pull Factors?
• Push-pushes people out of an area –ex. Natural disasters and war• Pull-pulls people into an area-
ex. City improvements, jobs
What physical factors discourage migration?
•Mountains• Deserts•Waterfalls, large rivers
On a map:
• River Valley civilizations• Mediterranean Sea • Alexander the Great lands• Silk Road• Sea trade Routes
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