social interaction september 30th, 2009 : lecture 6

Social InteractionSocial InteractionSeptember 30th, 2009 : Lecture 6

¡¡New Room for Q&A Review!!

¡¡New Room for Q&A Review!!

✤ BV 363

✤ Can hold 75 students

✤ TAs will have example questions to go over if no one has questions

Lecture 6 OverviewLecture 6 Overview

✤ What are social interactions?

✤ What are social interactions like?

✤ How do social interactions go well?

What are social interactions like?What are social interactions like?

✤ Definition

✤ Modes of Social Interaction

✤ Theoretical Models of Social Interactions

Social InteractionSocial Interaction

➡ Back-and-forth exchange of verbal or nonverbal behaviour between 2 or more people

✤ Average time span:

✤ Non-conflict interactions: 10 minutes

✤ Conflict interactions: 3 minutes

Modes of Social InteractionModes of Social Interaction

✤ Methods of communication:

✤ In person

✤ Over the phone

✤ Online

Models of Social InteractionModels of Social Interaction

✤ Field Theory

✤ Doctrine of Interactionism

✤ Doctrine of Reciprocal Determinism

✤ General Social Interaction Cycle

Field TheoryField Theory

B = B = ff(P, E)(P, E)✤Where,

✤ B = Behaviour

✤ P = Factors internal to the Person

✤ E = Factors in the external Environment

Chasing the function …Chasing the function …

B = B = ff(P + E)(P + E)✤Snow (1959, 1963)

✤ Person and Situation are independent factors

BB

PP

EE

B=f(P)B=f(P)

B=f(E)B=f(E)

Chasing the function …Doctrine of InteractionismChasing the function …Doctrine of Interactionism

B = B = ff(P x E)(P x E)✤Bowers (1973)

✤ The Person and the Situation interact

BB

PP

EE

“Clever Hans”“Clever Hans”

✤ Classic effect of person on the environment (Pfungst, 1911)

✤ Horse that could add

✤ No intentional cues given to Hans

✤ … but cues nonetheless

Chasing the function …Reciprocal DeterminismChasing the function …Reciprocal Determinism

B = B = gg((ff(B x E) x (B x E) x ff(P x B)) (P x B)) ✤Bandura (1977, 1978)

✤ Triadic Reciprocity - All components affect each other

BB

PP

EE

P . P . E . E .

Where’s the Social Interaction?Where’s the Social Interaction?

BB

PP

EE

PP

EE

General Social Interaction CycleGeneral Social Interaction Cycle

✤ Cantor & Kihlstrom (1987) from Darley & Fazio (1980)

FormsImpressio

n

FormsImpressio

nActsActs

EntersSituationEnters

Situation ActorActor

InterpretsResponseInterpretsResponse

InterpretsAction

InterpretsAction

Forms Impression

Forms Impression

EntersSituationEnters

Situation

RespondsResponds

TargetTarget

General Social Interaction General Social Interaction CycleCycle

✤ Describes Dyadic Social Interaction

✤ Can be generalized

✤ Assigned roles

✤ Actor: Initiates interaction

✤ Target: Object of Actor’s Action

✤ Roles are arbitrary

✤ Interaction Goal

✤ Mundane or monumental

Impression FormationImpression Formation

A B C D

General Social Interaction CycleGeneral Social Interaction Cycle

✤ Cantor & Kihlstrom (1987) from Darley & Fazio (1980)

FormsImpressio

n

FormsImpressio

nActsActs

EntersSituationEnters

Situation ActorActor

InterpretsResponseInterpretsResponse

InterpretsAction

InterpretsAction

Forms Impression

Forms Impression

EntersSituationEnters

Situation

RespondsResponds

TargetTarget

Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction

✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)

✤ Method:

✤ 108 participants scheduled in groups of 3 strangers

✤ 2 phases:

✤ Phase 1: Person 1 and Person 2 interact

✤ Phase 2: Person 2 and Person 3 interaction

P1P2

P3

Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction

✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” ✤ (Snyder & Swann, 1978)

✤ Phase 1:

Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction

✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)

✤ Phase 1 Results: P1’s Level of Noise Gun Intensity

% a

t M

ax

Inte

nsi

ty

Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction

✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)

✤ Phase 1 Results: P2’s Level of Noise Gun Intensity

Nois

e I

nte

nsi

ty

Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction

✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)

✤ Phase 1 Results: P1’s Perceptions of P2

Rati

ng

s of

Host

ilit

y

Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction

✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)

✤ Phase 2:

Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction

✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)

✤ Phase 2 Results: P2’s Level of Noise Gun Intensity

Nois

e I

nte

nsi

ty

Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction

✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)

✤ Phase 2 Results: P3’s Perceptions of P2

Rati

ng

s of

Host

ilit

y

What are Social Interactions Like?What are Social Interactions Like?

✤ Metaperceptions

✤ Schemas

✤ Expectancy Confirmation

MetaperceptionsMetaperceptions

✤ Transparency Overestimation (Vorauer, 2001)

➡ Tendency to overestimate the extent to which one’s true self has been revealed in social interactions

✤ Spotlight Effect

➡ Tendency to assume your behaviours are more salient to others than they actually are

Expectancy ConfirmationExpectancy Confirmation

✤ What you expect is what you look for

✤ Confirmatory hypothesis testing

Expectancy ConfirmationExpectancy Confirmation

✤ Snyder & Swann (1978), JPSP

✤ Method: 58 participants for a study on “how people come to understand one another”

Expectancy ConfirmationExpectancy Confirmation

✤ Snyder & Swann (1978), JPSP

✤ Results:

#of

Qu

est

ion

s A

sked

How do social interactions go well?How do social interactions go well?

✤ Mimicry

✤ Self-regulation

Mimicry

➡ Mirroring an interaction partner’s behaviours

✤ Occurs automatically

✤ Influences liking

Self Regulation

✤ People who are good at self-regulation are:

✤ More liked by their peers

✤ Perceived by self and others as more sensitive and helpful

✤ More reciprocal friendship nominations

“If [humans] define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”-W. I. Thomas

✤ Next Lecture (10/2):

✤ Attitudes and Persuasion

✤ Discuss Midterm 1

✤ Discuss Extra Credit Assignment

✤ Battle of the Blades Premiere is October 4th!

✤ http://www.cbc.ca/battle