social / emotional development infants, toddlers, and preschool children

Social / Emotional Social / Emotional DevelopmentDevelopmentInfants, Toddlers, and Infants, Toddlers, and

Preschool ChildrenPreschool Children

Social / Emotional Social / Emotional DevelopmentDevelopment

Type of development involving a person’s Type of development involving a person’s disposition, social interactions, and disposition, social interactions, and emotions.emotions.

Focus QuestionFocus Question

In what ways might social/emotional In what ways might social/emotional development shape a child’s future?”development shape a child’s future?”

Infant Social/Emotional Infant Social/Emotional DevelopmentDevelopment

Disposition –Disposition – A person’s general mood. A person’s general mood.

Temperament –Temperament – The tendency to react in a certain way to The tendency to react in a certain way to events.events.

Temperament shows by 2-3 months.Temperament shows by 2-3 months.

Temperament may be inherited and/or due to prenatal Temperament may be inherited and/or due to prenatal conditions & environment.conditions & environment.

There are three ratings of temperament: There are three ratings of temperament: Flexible/Easy- have regular habits & cheerfulFlexible/Easy- have regular habits & cheerful Fearful/Slow to warm up – take more time to adaptFearful/Slow to warm up – take more time to adapt Feisty/Difficult – irregular in habits & withdraw or protestFeisty/Difficult – irregular in habits & withdraw or protest

Infant Social/Emotional Infant Social/Emotional DevelopmentDevelopment Good constant care of difficult babies may make them happier. Good constant care of difficult babies may make them happier.

(cuddling, extra holding & soothing)(cuddling, extra holding & soothing)

Ease feisty/difficult babies into new situations (transitions)Ease feisty/difficult babies into new situations (transitions)

By 1st year social development is well underway. By 1st year social development is well underway.

Babies are born with tools for social development.Babies are born with tools for social development. Listen to human voicesListen to human voices Like to look at people’s facesLike to look at people’s faces Understand social messages by body languageUnderstand social messages by body language

Initiating social contact comes with better creeping and better arm Initiating social contact comes with better creeping and better arm and hand control.and hand control.

Infants learn from older children how to act.Infants learn from older children how to act.

Temperament ReflectionTemperament Reflection

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EcA9mgxBwk

What temperament you believe yourself to What temperament you believe yourself to have ?have ?

How might understanding the different How might understanding the different temperaments help us in our lives?temperaments help us in our lives?

TrustTrust

Write down the word trust. Write down the word trust. What does trust mean to you?What does trust mean to you?

What does trust have to do with What does trust have to do with development?development?

How might learning trust help children How might learning trust help children develop socially and emotionally?develop socially and emotionally?

When babies are loved and cared for When babies are loved and cared for they learn to understand and trust they learn to understand and trust others.others.

How does this relate to Abraham How does this relate to Abraham Maslow’s theory of Human Needs?Maslow’s theory of Human Needs?

Bonding & AttachmentBonding & Attachment Bonding and attachment are terms used Bonding and attachment are terms used

for two loving relationships between for two loving relationships between parents and babies. parents and babies.

Relationship Term Used

Parents come to love their babies after birth

Parents Baby

Bonding

Babies whose needs are met come to love their parents.Children realize this tie after six months of age. Baby Parents

Attachment

Development of Development of Attachment BehaviorsAttachment Behaviors

Decker, Celia Anita, Children The Early Years. Illinois: The Goodheart Wilcox Company, Inc., 2004.

Approximate Age Attachment Behaviors

1 month Baby can recognize familiar and unfamiliar voices.

2 weeks to 2 months Baby smiles.

3 months Baby gives joyful movements, such as kicks, coos, and gurgles. Baby may even laugh.

4-5 months Baby becomes still and breathing becomes shallow when unknown people are close. 

7-8 months Baby cries when a stranger is nearby or when the baby is left alone.

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

Developed a theory that said an Developed a theory that said an individual has a psychosocial task to individual has a psychosocial task to master during each of the eight stages of master during each of the eight stages of social emotional development.social emotional development.

Erikson’s TheoryErikson’s Theory

8 Stages 8 Stages First three stages pertain to early childhoodFirst three stages pertain to early childhood

Basic Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)Basic Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy) Consistency of having needs met world is Consistency of having needs met world is

seen as a reliable place and infant develops seen as a reliable place and infant develops sense of trust.sense of trust.

Erikson’s Theory (Cont.)Erikson’s Theory (Cont.)

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (Toddler)(Toddler) Toddler seeks autonomy to use new skills Toddler seeks autonomy to use new skills

and knowledge.and knowledge. Seek control over whether to rely on others.Seek control over whether to rely on others. Leads to self pride.Leads to self pride. Failure to achieve leads to feelings of shame Failure to achieve leads to feelings of shame

and self-doubt.and self-doubt.

Erikson’s Theory (cont.)Erikson’s Theory (cont.)

Initiative vs. guilt (Preschool)Initiative vs. guilt (Preschool) Preschoolers have growing abilities.Preschoolers have growing abilities. Begin trying new things on own initiative.Begin trying new things on own initiative. Sense of initiative learned leads to ambition Sense of initiative learned leads to ambition

and purpose.and purpose. Too many failures and negative responses Too many failures and negative responses

lead to guilt and fear of trying new things.lead to guilt and fear of trying new things.

Erikson’s Theory (cont.)Erikson’s Theory (cont.)

Industry vs. inferiority (Middle childhood)Industry vs. inferiority (Middle childhood)

Identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence)Identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence)

Intimacy vs. isolation (Early to Mid adulthood)Intimacy vs. isolation (Early to Mid adulthood)

Generativity vs. stagnation (Mid Life)Generativity vs. stagnation (Mid Life)

Integrity vs. despair (Elderly Years)Integrity vs. despair (Elderly Years)

Promoting Autonomy and Promoting Autonomy and InitiativeInitiative

Allow children to feel safe and encouraged to Allow children to feel safe and encouraged to explore materials & relationships with peers & explore materials & relationships with peers & adults.adults.

Make children feel important & valued.Make children feel important & valued.

Give responsibility they can handleGive responsibility they can handle Let them make decisions and have a sense Let them make decisions and have a sense

of control. of control.

Promoting Autonomy and Promoting Autonomy and InitiativeInitiative

Help children learn to handle their feelings in Help children learn to handle their feelings in acceptable socially appropriate ways.acceptable socially appropriate ways.

Let children know what is expected of them to Let children know what is expected of them to minimize frustration and let them learn from minimize frustration and let them learn from their mistakes.their mistakes.