social, cultural, moral and environmental · pdf filethe cultural and moral issues which must...

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Graphic Products

Social, Cultural, Moral and

Environmental Issues

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STARTER

• Look at the feedback from your exam question

you have been given back and write down 3

improvements you could make to it

• Write down 3 topics you would like to revise

again

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Learning objectivesL

earn

ing

ob

jecti

ves

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the cultural and moral issues which must be

considered when designing graphic products

the environmental impact of making graphic products

the environmental impact of packaging

recycling, reusing and reducing

the symbols that appear on packaging

the implications of ICT.

To learn about:

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All- D- Will be able to complete aspects of the social,

moral and cultural work sheet using the power point

Most- C –will be able to give detailed answers

Some-A/B –will complete the revision exercise fully

and understand all the points fully

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When a product is designed, the designers have to consider

a wide range of social, cultural, moral and environmental

implications. These can cause conflicts that can be very

difficult to solve.

You should also consider the

environmental impact of your product.

What raw materials will it require? How

will it be manufactured? How will it be

disposed of once it has been used?

It is important that graphical imagery and products

should not offend in any way. You must be aware

of the beliefs and needs of minority groups, and

take care how you portray people in your work.

Moral, cultural and environmental issues

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Cultural Implications

People from different cultures can behave and think very

differently. What you may take as perfectly ordinary could

be considered offensive and insulting by another culture.

How people are portrayed – avoid stereotypes and be

careful how you represent minority groups in your work.

The content – think carefully about the images

you use. For example, attitudes to skimpy

clothing vary greatly across the world.

Colour and symbolism – some common colours

are considered holy in some cultures.

Be wary of using symbols, especially religious ones.

Think carefully about:

Cultural implications

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Cultural implications

Here are some examples. Think carefully about how each of

these graphic products could cause cultural offence.

Why is this

Christmas

decoration

inappropriate?

Why is this image

inappropriate for

a neighbourhood

watch poster?

Why is this an

inappropriate

recruitment

poster?

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Moral implications

Moral implications

Most individuals, including designers, have morals – ideas

about right and wrong.

Designers can be put in moral dilemmas if they are asked

to design a product that goes against their beliefs.

For example:

A Catholic designer

could be asked to

work on a leaflet

about birth control.

A designer for a fashion

magazine could be asked

to work on an article in

favour of real fur coats.

Designers must decide what they are prepared to work on.

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Environmental issues are increasingly affecting the

design of products. People are becoming more aware

of the environmental impact of our consumer society.

Some of these issues are:

Industries producing graphic products use a

range of papers, boards and petrochemicals.

If these resources are not replaced, there will

not be enough for future generations.

The depletion of non-renewable

resources

Deforestation

Air pollution

Waste and refuse disposal.

Environmental issues

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Waste and pollutionGraphic products take up

space in landfill sites.

Chemicals in inks pollute

the ground.

Making graphic products

DeforestationTrees are cut down

to make paper.

PollutionBleaching the paper

produces chemical waste.

Fossil fuelsMaking paper uses

energy obtained

from fossil fuels.

Fossil fuelsPrinting uses energy

obtained from fossil fuels.

Ink is made using oil-

based chemicals.

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Packaging accounts for a large proportion of

the graphic products that are manufactured.

We package products for a number of

different reasons:

Do we need

all this

packaging?

On the next slide, let’s follow a

cookie from its creation

through its packaging process.

To Protect

To Preserve

To Advertise

To Transport

Product packaging consequences

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Product packaging consequences

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You can put packaging into categories:

The packaging around the

secondary packaging. Usually

used for transportation purposes.

Tertiary Packaging

The packaging outside the primary

packaging. Used mainly for advertising

or promotion of the product.

Secondary Packaging

The packaging in direct contact

with the product. Usually used for

preservation and protection.

Primary Packaging

Product packaging consequences

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A variety of materials can be used for packaging.

Paper

Card

Boards

Plastics

PVC

High Density

Polythene

Low Density

Polythene

Polystyrene

PACKAGING

MATERIALS

Poly-

propylene

Product packaging materials

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Packaging materials

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When deciding on materials, designers also need to consider

the environmental impact. One way of reducing the amount of

waste produced and natural resources used up is to recycle.

If possible, you should make products from recyclable

materials such as paper, card, aluminium and fabrics.

Recycling

Some plastics can be recycled, but this is harder.

Some biodegradable plastics (plastics that

decompose) are now available.

Designers should also consider whether their product can

be made from materials that have already been recycled.

Recycling

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Recycling

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Materials can also be conserved by re-using products.

Use less packaging.

Use as little energy as possible to create the product.

Make products easier to fix, so that if there is a fault,

the whole product will not need to be thrown away.

Use alternative materials, like biodegradable plastic.

Some products can be re-used, for example,

glass milk bottles.

We can also look at reducing the elements of a product.

Re-using and reducing

Some products have components or parts that can

be re-used once the product is finished with, for

example, fastenings.

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Labels are used to provide information about a product.

Information such as:

Label language

They are also used as sales and marketing tools to

encourage us to buy products.

The contents

The weight

Any instructions

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Labels can be divided into a number of different categories:

Label language

Abstract symbols labels

These labels involve images that do

not specifically link to the product.

They are there for aesthetic purposes.

Company logos are often abstract.

Pictorial labels

These are labels with images that relate to the

product itself. The image depicts the actual

product, or something closely linked to it.

Action labels

These are labels that tell us specific details about

the product, or give instructions about how it

should be used, for example, a best before date.

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Label language

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Labels often need to be multicultural – imagery and symbols

are used instead of words to help overcome language barriers.

Colour is also crucial in labelling. Colours evoke different

emotions and, if carefully used, can create strong messages.

Label language

For example, the washing labels that

appear in clothing are common across

the globe. They can be understood

without having to read any words.

For example, chocolate

manufacturers often use the

colour purple because it is a rich,

warm colour associated with

luxury.

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Symbols used for recycling

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Plastic recycling symbols

Each different type of plastic must be recycled separately.

It is not always easy to tell the different types apart.

Manufacturers add a symbol to the plastic they

produce, so that it can be easily sorted for recycling.

POLYETHYLENE

TEREPHTHALATE

HIGH DENSITY

POLYETHYLENE

PVC

LOW DENSITY

POLYETHYLENE

POLYPROPYLENE

POLYSTYRENE

ALL OTHER RESINS

AND MIXES

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The greatest effect has been on communication. It is now

easier than ever to share words, images and sounds with

other people.

The increasing use of ICT has had wide-reaching effects

on modern society.

These innovations have had both positive and

negative effects.

The Internet

VideoconferencingE-mail

Mobile phones

CAD and CAM

The implications of ICT

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The implications of ICT

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Key pointsK

ey

po

ints

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When making graphic products, it is important to

consider how people from different cultures and social

groups will view the product.

Graphic products produce waste and pollution.

The environmental impact of graphic products should

be minimized through greener manufacturing

processes and increased recycling.

Labels are used for many different purposes, including

safety warnings, product information, marketing and

overcoming language barriers.

The increasing use of ICT has had both positive and

negative effects on society.