snakebite protocol development workshop cmc, vellore 11.03.2013 a national survey of snake bites in...
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S N A K E B I T E P R O T O C O L D E V E LO P M E N T W O R K S H O P
C M C , V E L LO R E1 1 . 0 3 . 2 0 1 3
A NATIONAL SURVEY OF SNAKE BITES IN INDIA (VENOMOUS AND NON-VENOMOUS), SYNDROME-
SNAKE SPECIES CORRELATIONS, OUTCOMES AND ASV DOSE
REQUIREMENTS
GOAL OF THE STUDY
• To map the heterogeneity of snakebite
syndromes, species of snakes, management
practices in different centres and the clinical
outcome
• To create a National network of hospitals and
centres for coordinating snakebite research
OBJECTIVES
• To describe the clinical profile of snake envenomation presenting in geographically representative regions in India
• To identify snake species and sub-species from the different geographical regions causing bites
• To analyze the correlation between the clinical syndrome of snake envenomation and the snake species
• To assess the management practices and outcomes in various regions and anti-snake venom dose requirements according to snakebite syndrome and different snakebite protocols used in different centres.
METHODOLOGY
STUY DESIGN
• Multicentric study
• Observational
• Descriptive study
• Over a period of 2 years
CLINICAL COLLABORATING CENTRES
Centres are selected depending on the case load and commitment to the study
HERPETOLOGY & VENOM DETECTION
Herpetology• Mr.Romulus Wittakar• Mr. Gerry Martin• Dr. Anita Malhotra• Mr.Vishal Santra• External Consultants• Dr.David Laloo• Dr.Faiz• Dr.Arirani
Venom Detection• Dr.Ashish K
Mukerjee• Dr.Oommen• Dr.Dhananjaya • Dr. Sridevi• Dr.Amudhavalli• Mr.Radhakrishnan• Dr.Jayaraman
Informed consent
Venomous bite
Admission
Treatment
Discharge
Non-venomous bite
Observation
Discharge
Suspected Snakebite
DocumentationUsing proforma at admission and daily till discharge
STUDY FLOW CHART
DOCUMENTATION
The study proforma:• Details of bite• Snake
identification• Clinical syndrome• Laboratory
evaluation• Complications
TreatmentASV dose requirementMechanical ventilationNeostigmineTransfusionsAntibiotics
Outcomes
SUGGESTED LIST OF ESSENTIAL INVESTIGATIONS
Follow up
• Haemotoxic- WBCT
or PT,PTT every 6
hours till normal
• Renal failure-
creatinine daily till
normal
Admission
• WBCT or PT,PTT
• CBC
• Blood picture
• Creatinine
• Electrolytes
MANAGEMENT
The management of the cases and the
dosage of ASV will be according to the
discretion of the treating physician and
the institutional snakebite
management protocol
DEAD SNAKE STORAGE PROTOCOL
Dead snake available
Photograph will be taken
Stored in formalin - dilution of 40% formalin solution with water in 1:5 dilution
Part or whole snake can be preserved in 70% ethanol for DNA analysis
SAMPLES REQUIRED FOR VENOM DETECTION STUDIES
• Bite site swab
• Serum
• Urine
THANK YOU
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SOME VALUABLE COMMENTS FROM PARTICIPANTS
• Legal and social implications in killing snakes
• High quality photographs /videos of snakes to be available in all
centres
• Idea of closed face-book for dead snake identification
• Previous ASV administration
• Multicentric study with lot of challenges. Proper co-ordination is vital
• Cell-phone photo should be encouraged
• Suggestion regarding electronic data entry
• Collection of swabs should be encouraged
VALUABLE COMMENTS FROM PARTICIPANTS
• Increase sample size to improve identification
• Use of 10%formalin (4% formaldehyde) for storage
• Long term storage in formalin can spoil the specimen
and so I week formalin followed by 1 day in water to
leach out the formalin, then transfer to 80% ethanol
• A small amount of tissue should be collected separately
BEFORE formalin fixing in 80% pure ethanol for DNA
analysis
• Photographs should be taken before formalin fixing
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