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Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 1
SmartGridoftheFuture:HELMTechnology&Energy
ManagementSystemsInsearchofautonomouscontrolinspace
andterrestrialsmartgrids
EnergyTechConferenceNovember28,2016
MahanMansouriBaGelleMemorialInsHtute
ReginaLlopis,Ph.D.EleQuant,Inc.
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 2
Outline
• TheneedforautonomouscontrolinACgrids(EQ)
• HELMTM:IntroducHonintheACcontext(EQ)
• AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystem(EQ)
• VerificaHonandValidaHon(V&V)(BMI)
• NASASBIRPhase-I:V&Veffort(BMI)
• K-TransferCircle:AC-DCHybridGrids(EQ)• VisiononapplicaHonsinSmartGridsoftheFuture(EQ)
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 3
Aging Experts
Grids Increasing Complexity
Convergence of disruptive innovation
New Technologies
• This requires the need to start automation of certain functions hence needing AI and modern tools.
• Big Data • Communications • I o T
• Market liberalization & unbundling
• Security & reliability losing robustness (transmission capacity, hacking, large blackouts)
• New elements/models: intelligent meters, demand response & management, distributed generation
• Renewables (wind, solar), storage (batteries)
• Evolving to hybrid including DC (HVD C) & other
TheNeedforAutonomousControlinACgrids
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 4
SimilarNeedforAutonomousControlinAC–Spacegrids
GroundEQUIVALENT
OperaHonPlanningEng.
OnboardEQUIVALENT
RealTimeOperator
Level4-5EQUIVALENT
AddingHELMtechnologytoEMScanbeachieved
NASACapabiliHesThatCouldImpactTerrestrialSmartGridsoftheFutureElectroExpoRaymondF.Beach,NASAGlennResearchCenter,March11,2015
Theneedfortasks´intelligentautomaHonin
bothcontextsaredrivenby
TimeConstraintsandComplexity
RISK
REQUIREMENT:AutomaHonoftaskswithAItools,machine
learning,algorithms,etc.inordertocreatesafe&efficientdecisionsupporttools
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 5
NEW DETERMINISTIC METHOD THAT CHANGES PARADIGMS:Unlike N-R iterative methods, which show erratic convergence as the system
approaches voltage collapse, HELM always finds the correct solution. Craftsmanship versus Automation
R=0X=0.2P=-0.8
Q=-0.2
R=0X=0.2P=-0.8
Q=-0.8
R=0X=0.2P=-0.8
Q=-1.115
R=0X=0.2P=-0.8
Q=-1.05
Electrical Grid observationSimple 2-node network: one swing and one load
Operating Non-operatingErroneous No Convergence
HELMTM:IntroducEonintheACcontext
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 6
HELMTM Iterative methods: GS, NR, FDLF,and their variants
• The US Patented* HELMTM method is a constructive deterministic method (non-iterative).
• Takes advantage of the particular algebraic nature of the LF problem: it is based on advanced concepts and results from Complex Analysis, such as holomorphicity, the theory of algebraic curves, and analytic continuation.
• Guarantees finding the correct operational solution of the multivalued problem.
• Signals the condition of voltage collapse when there is no solution (infeasible power flow).
• Enables for the first time new types of analytical tools, and specially model-based decision-support tools based on reliable exploration of the state-space of the grid. For instance, these tools are capable of computing LF-validated restoration plans, even in real-time.
* US Patents Nos. 7519506, 7979239, 8849614.
• Numerical iterative methods are inherently non-deterministic. Many “crafty” variants exist to improve convergence or efficiency.
• They do not exploit the particular nature of the LF equations. Numerical iteration is a blunt tool that applies generically to all (continuous) nonlinear systems, not just LF.
• No guarantee that iterations will always converge, as this depends on the particular choice of the initial point.
• Additionally, since the problem is multivalued, it’s not always possible to control to which solution it will converge. They may converge to low-voltage, non-operational solutions.
• Under normal operating conditions, convergence problems do not appear often, but under stressed conditions it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure convergence to the correct solution, or any convergence at all. Therefore, they are prone to fail when you need them most.
• COMPLETEINTRODUCTORYTUTORIALWILLBEGIVENBYHELM’SINVENTORDR.A.TRIASWEDNESDAYAFTERNOON.
HELMTM:IntroducEonintheACcontext
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 7
AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystem
UniversityCleanEnergyAllianceofOhioBuildingandSustainingPartnershipsColumbus,Ohio.April27,2011JamesF.SoederSeniorTechnologistforPowerNASAGlennResearchCenterCleveland,Ohio
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 8
Normalstate
CorrecHveacHons
RestoraHonprocess
DefenceplansandrestoraHon
Emergencystate
Blackout
Alertstate
Preventive actions
System protection schemes
AGORA:US,Mexico,EU
• Optimization effect on Bottom line• minimizing losses• intelligent load shedding• Optimal network Planning
• Preventive • contingency analysis• demand forecasting• load shedding
recommendations…• Corrective
• resolution of limits violations
• Emergency • Black start and cranking paths to
nuclear plants• generation of restoration plans….
Special protection schemes
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 9
Advanced Topology Estimation
• Robust Topology Estimation- Transformer Taps - Zero Impedance Topology (Z=0)
- Line and Transformers Connectivity
- Line Segments Connectivity- Shunts Connectivity- Parameter Estimation (X in Lines)
Through the Advanced Topology estimation, grid observation results become even better.
AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystem TopologyEsEmaEon
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 10
RESTORATION: Problem Definition Search for the Optimal Path• Define a state space where the initial state is the
disturbance condition and the final state is the pre-disturbance condition.
• Determine the allowable actions from the initial to the final state, taking into account.
- Available Equipment.- Operation and Restoration Limits.
• Define priorities for each element utilization.
Allowable Maneuvers (Actions)
Initial State
FinalState
InitialState
FinalState
Combinatorial Explosion
• Define a transition cost function.• Consider admissible suboptimal heuristic which
guarantees convergence of the A* algorithm.
The A* algorithm guarantees minimal cost paths (optimal paths) between the initial and final states .
AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystem A*Methodology
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 11
TYPE OF ACTIONS:
H: time when the action is recognized as done through SCADA field data
D: Maintain Operating Limits
O: Open/ Isolate
P: Close/ Propagate Voltages
LG: Modify Load or Generation
DETAILSType of Restoration Plan
Actions carried out or still pendingConfirmation as valid ones: green, after last state estimation, red still not authorized
AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystemPlanGeneraEon
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 12
• EQ robust state esHmator, youneed tounderstandwhere youhaveyourstarHngpoint.
• HELMisnoniteraHveandnonequivocalloadflowmethod• HELMallowsforvirtualexploraHoninmodelsimulaHonof“state
space”.• The above allowed for sophisHcated AC grid autonomous
funcHons for decision support: AGORA maneuvers leading tosolvingopHmaloperaHon,alert&emergencysituaHonsaswellasrestoraHonofblackoutwithblackstart.
• CollaboraHoneffortwithBMIintesHngtheHELMTechnology• AllofthiscanandisbeingtheoreHcallyadaptedtoDCgrids,and
spacepowersystem.NASASBIRsdescribedinsometopicsinthistrack2andtheWorkshoponHELMwilldetailhow.
INTERMEDIATETAKEAWAYS
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 13
VerificaEonandValidaEon(V&V)
• Battelle conducted V&V on HELM-AC – Studied the mathematics behind HELM technology– Tested the HELM technology related software with small
size IEEE models and real world AC networks
• Battelle managed the performance of V&V in NASA SBIR Phase-I– HELM was successfully adapted to DC systems – V&V results are numerically reliable
• Battelle will conduct V&V in SBIR Phase-II
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 14
NASASBIRPhase-I:V&Veffort
CPL
R12
1 2
• Demonstrated the feasibility of adapting HELM to elementary DC networks
• HELM was adapted to the nonlinearities of DC devices, other than CPLs. Implemented and tested on PV arrays and the diode.
• Demonstrated with HELMLAB AC the reliability and autonomous capability of HELM
• In contrast to iterative powerflows, which suffer from uncertain reliability originated in the need to choose a “suitable seed”.
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 15
TERRESTRIALGRIDSACHELM-AGORA
NASAHELMADAPTATION
DCMAINCIRCUITSFROMISSPHASEI
NASAFULLHELMADAPTATIONTODCELECTRONICSONE
CHANNELINISSPHASEII
DCHELMNEWHELMMETHODFORTERRESTRIALMICROGRIDS
HELMFORAC-DCHYBRIDMICROGRIDSTERRESTRIAL,NAVAL,
AVIONICS,NASASMARTGRIDSTESTFACILITY&SPACEEXPLORATION
NASACapabiliHesThatCouldImpactTerrestrialSmartGridsoftheFutureElectroExpoRaymondF.Beach,NASAGlennResearchCenter,March11,2015
K-TransferCircle:AC-DCHybridGrids
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 16
VisiononapplicaEonsinSmartGridsoftheFuture
UniversityCleanEnergyAllianceofOhioBuildingandSustainingPartnershipsColumbus,Ohio.April27,2011JamesF.SoederSeniorTechnologistforPowerNASAGlennResearchCenterCleveland,Ohio
NASACapabiliHesThatCouldImpactTerrestrialSmartGridsoftheFutureElectroExpoRaymondF.Beach,NASAGlennResearchCenter,March11,2015
Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 17
Elequant Inc. (Grupo AIA)48 Terra Vista Ave. #DSan Francisco, CA 94115Tel +1 415 978-9800
HQ Barcelona:Av. de la Torre Blanca, 5708172 Sant Cugat del VallèsBarcelonaTel. +34 93 504 49 00
ThankyouBattelle Memorial Institute505 King Ave.Columbus, OH 43201Tel. +1 614 424-6424
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