smart cards, epassports, and open source

Smart cards, ePassports, …and Open Source

Martijn Oostdijk, NovayWojciech Mostowski, UTwente

whois

• Martijn Oostdijk, advisor @ Novay• Wojciech Mostowski, researcher @ Utwente• We share a history of applying formal

methods to smart cards (in Nijmegen)• And as a result started some open source

projects:– JMRTD.org (ePassport API & applet)– GPJ (Global Platform), ISO 18013 (eDL), PKI applet

Smart Cards

• Chances are you have at least 3 smart cards on you right now…– Banking (EMV debit/credit card)– Telecom (SIM card)– Government (passport / identity card)– Public transport (“OV chipkaart”)– Access control (access key card for building)– Conditional access (card for TV decoder)

• They’re EVERYWHERE!

Smart Cards• Simple computer, designed for security• Simple I/O (ISO 7816 comparable to RS 232)• With crypto processor• And security counter measures– Noise generator– Dual rail logic– Active grid

• Ranging from “filesystem with access control” to “fully programmable microcontroller”

Java Card

Java Card platformJava Card platform

smart card hardwaresmart card hardwareap

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Java CardVirtual Machine Java Card API

Command APDU

Response APDU

Java Card

• Higher level of abstraction than native assembly programming (but only slightly)

• Published standard: JLS, JCVM• Multiple applets on one card• Use standard Java toolset to develop for JC• Simpler VM: 16 bit arithmetic, simpler API, no

floats• More complex: transactions, applet firewall• Crypto API (for access to crypto processor)

ePassports

10

Why? Document authenticity

Special paper,some stampstypewriter

Cheaper to altergenuine than tofabricate one

Look-a-likefraud cheaperthan documentfalsification

Polycarbonateholder page

Watermark Document withpublic key crypto signature

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Why? Extra info on user

• Face ~ 449x599 .jpg ~ 20KB– Machine can do (reasonable) match– Human inspector gets better quality

• Fingerprints ~ 35KB– Machine can do match

• Signature ~ 2KB– Machine can check authenticity, based

on country root certificate

Compare QR code: 7KB max

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Why? ABC

• ePasport == Privium for mere mortals

[Link]

DEMO

OSS coding “in the boss’s time”

• @RU 2006: BZK funded security test ePassport• @RU 2009: BZK funded security test EAC• @RU/Novay: RDW funded pilot• @Novay: NLnet funded project• @Novay: project for ScanTech-IT (Denmark)

Conclusions• Smartcard == “secure core” computer• ePassport primarily for doc authenticity, we will

have to see about biometric, ABC, etc.

• Academic project == good starting point OSS• Smart cards, Java Card, ePassport … small incrowd

of developers & users. It’s not Linux / OpenOffice• Still, some adoption, and developers, perhaps

NFC in more handsets will help

More Info

• http://jmrtd.org• http://isodl.sf.net• http://javacardsign.sf.net• http://gpj.sf.net• http://martijno.blogspot.com • http://wwwhome.ewi.utwente.nl/~mostowski

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