sluboga@med.mak.ac.ug1 quality assurance: faculty of law, makerere university – students’ role...

sluboga@med.mak.ac.ug 1

QUALITY ASSURANCE:QUALITY ASSURANCE:FACULTY OF LAW, MAKERERE FACULTY OF LAW, MAKERERE

UNIVERSITY – STUDENTS’ ROLEUNIVERSITY – STUDENTS’ ROLE March 2007March 2007

ByBySam LubogaSam Luboga

Deputy Dean EducationDeputy Dean EducationFaculty of Medicine, Makerere UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Makerere University

QUALITY GOAL OF QUALITY GOAL OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITYMAKERERE UNIVERSITY

QualityQuality of academic of academic provision:provision:TeachingTeachingResearch Research ServiceService

Obstacle or Opportunity? Obstacle or Opportunity? (Shortages/Challenges)(Shortages/Challenges)

Current Current Unhappy Unhappy SituationSituation

Preferred Preferred Happy Happy

SituationSituation

WHAT IS A “VISION”?WHAT IS A “VISION”?

QUALITY ASSURED

THE VISION OF MAKERERE THE VISION OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

To be a centre of academic To be a centre of academic excellence, providing world-excellence, providing world-class teaching, research class teaching, research and services relevant to and services relevant to sustainable development sustainable development needs of societyneeds of society

THE MISSION OF MAKERERE THE MISSION OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

To provide quality teaching, carry out To provide quality teaching, carry out research and offer professional research and offer professional services to meet the changing needs services to meet the changing needs of society by utilizing world-wide and of society by utilizing world-wide and internally generated human internally generated human resources, information and resources, information and technology to enhance the technology to enhance the University's leading position in University's leading position in Uganda and beyondUganda and beyond

ALL EMPHASIZE ALL EMPHASIZE QUALITYQUALITY..

FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE, TO FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE, TO WHAT EXTENT IS QUALITY WHAT EXTENT IS QUALITY

ACHIVED IN YOUR FACULTY?ACHIVED IN YOUR FACULTY?

What is the definition What is the definition of:of:

QQuality?uality?

QQuality uality assuranceassurance??

QQuality assurance system?uality assurance system?

BBenchmarkingenchmarking??

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

Quality:Quality: Fitness for purpose; Fitness for purpose; conforming to preset products and conforming to preset products and process (ISO 9000) standardsprocess (ISO 9000) standards; ; products and services meeting products and services meeting needs/satisfaction of customersneeds/satisfaction of customers

Quality Assurance:Quality Assurance: All policies and All policies and processes directed at ensuring processes directed at ensuring enhancement of quality and enhancement of quality and standards of educational provisionstandards of educational provision

Quality Assurance System:Quality Assurance System: Internal Internal organizational structures, resources and organizational structures, resources and processes needed to implement quality processes needed to implement quality assurance functionsassurance functions

Benchmarking:Benchmarking: Recognizing & examining Recognizing & examining best practices in the world and using the best practices in the world and using the knowledge to improve all aspects of the knowledge to improve all aspects of the organizationorganization

Total Quality Management:Total Quality Management: Involving Involving everyone in the organization in everyone in the organization in continuously improving all continuously improving all products and products and processesprocesses to achieve, on every occasion, to achieve, on every occasion, quality that satisfies customers’ needsquality that satisfies customers’ needs

WHAT % OF YOUNG UGANDANS

BELIEVE THAT MADE IN UGANDA IS JUNK?

PURPOSES OF THE WORKSHOPPURPOSES OF THE WORKSHOP11

Bring staff & students of pilot Bring staff & students of pilot faculties up to date on the faculties up to date on the University Quality Assurance University Quality Assurance PolicyPolicy

Reach consensus on proposed Reach consensus on proposed activities within pilot projectactivities within pilot project

Solicit ideas from students on Solicit ideas from students on how best to promote Quality how best to promote Quality AssuranceAssurance

TIP OF THE ICEBERG PRINCIPLETIP OF THE ICEBERG PRINCIPLE22 NEVER IGNORE WEAK SIGNALSNEVER IGNORE WEAK SIGNALS

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2424434329299595MUSTMUST

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OppotuOppotu

ResearResearEntrepEntrepComp Comp

skillsskillsEmployEmployUNIVUNIV

TIP OF THE ICEBERG PRINCIPLE TIP OF THE ICEBERG PRINCIPLE NEVER IGNORE WEAK SIGNALSNEVER IGNORE WEAK SIGNALS

NKOZINKOZI

IUIUIUIU

MUSTMUST

MAKMAK

UNIVUNIV

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Cater Cater CampCamp

Accom Accom CampCamp

Equip Equip & Lib& Lib

AvailaAvailabTMbTM

Good Good LecturLecturee

FAKE IT TO GET ITFAKE IT TO GET IT

Just by thinking you are the best you will become the best – Napolean Hill

You will find you have to produce materials that support the positioning

You will tend to find ways that focus on delivering excellence and value to prove you are the best

CAPTION FROM THE NEW CAPTION FROM THE NEW VISION 30/10/06VISION 30/10/06

Is any of this true of your of Is any of this true of your of your faculty?your faculty?

What do you find very What do you find very satisfying (is of high quality) satisfying (is of high quality) in your faculty?in your faculty?

What do you find not so What do you find not so satisfying (& needs quality satisfying (& needs quality improvement)?improvement)?

WHY IS QUALITY AND WHY IS QUALITY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE SO QUALITY ASSURANCE SO

IMPORTANT?IMPORTANT?

PURPOSE FOR QUALITY PURPOSE FOR QUALITY ASSURANCEASSURANCE33

Ensure that products and services Ensure that products and services meet customer needsmeet customer needs

Ensure benefit not harmEnsure benefit not harm Minimize errors, their costs and Minimize errors, their costs and

potentially serious consequencespotentially serious consequences Ensure maximum efficacyEnsure maximum efficacy Promote reputation of institution Promote reputation of institution Beat the competitionBeat the competition

WHAT IS COST OF QUALITY?WHAT IS COST OF QUALITY?33

Failure – waste that Failure – waste that could be avoided, could be avoided, e.g. e.g. injusticesinjustices: : consequences & consequences & remediesremedies

Appraisal – Appraisal – stopping defects stopping defects going unnoticedgoing unnoticed

Prevention – Prevention – eliminating Wasteeliminating Waste

3. VIRTUOUS CYCLE: TARGET 3. VIRTUOUS CYCLE: TARGET QUALITY OF PRODUCT AND QUALITY OF PRODUCT AND

PROCESSPROCESSImproved fit for purpose

Product improvement

Process improvements

Improved conformance to specifications

Improved reputation

Improved customer satisfaction

Increased demand

Higher prices

Increased productivity

Lower production costs

Quality improvement programmes

Increased profits

WHAT AREAS IN MAKERERE WHAT AREAS IN MAKERERE UNIVERSITY & YOUR UNIVERSITY & YOUR

FACULTY SHOULD FACULTY SHOULD QUALITY QUALITY ASSURANCEASSURANCE FOCUS ON? FOCUS ON?

AREAS OF FOCUS FOR A AREAS OF FOCUS FOR A QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMQUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM

1.1. Mission and objectivesMission and objectives2.2. Educational principles, Educational principles,

processes and programmes processes and programmes 3.3. Assessment of traineesAssessment of trainees4.4. Student selection, Student selection,

administration, academic administration, academic guidance/support & guidance/support & representation representation

5.5. Academic staff/facultyAcademic staff/faculty

1.1. Educational settings and Educational settings and resources, library, ICTresources, library, ICT

2.2. Monitoring and Evaluation of Monitoring and Evaluation of programmes and coursesprogrammes and courses

3.3. Governance and administrationGovernance and administration

4.4. Universal accessibility for Universal accessibility for physically disabledphysically disabled

5.5. Socio-psychological learning Socio-psychological learning environmentenvironment

6.6. Continuous institutional renewalContinuous institutional renewal

FOR A QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR A QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM TO WORK SYSTEM TO WORK

Constant “Monitoring and Constant “Monitoring and evaluation” evaluation” Checks, audits, and Checks, audits, and corrective actions corrective actions

Ensure the highest Ensure the highest achievable qualityachievable quality

FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITYFACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY44

ProcessInput (Students)

Quality of

Output

Books & Cases Personnel

Environment Methods

What else?

ELEMENTS OF A QUALITY ELEMENTS OF A QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMASSURANCE SYSTEM66

PROCESSESINPUTSQUALITY OUTPUTS

Organizational leadership & management

Personnel: Training

Standards

Assessment

Documentation

Rewards

QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMQUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM

FacilitiesFacilities ProgramsPrograms Financial resourcesFinancial resources StaffStaff StudentsStudents ManagementManagement Government supportGovernment supportAll are important. A chain is as strong as its All are important. A chain is as strong as its

weakest linkweakest link

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF WHAT IS THE ROLE OF STUDENTS IN QUALITY STUDENTS IN QUALITY

ASSURANCE IN FACULTY ASSURANCE IN FACULTY AND UNIVERSITY?AND UNIVERSITY?

STUDENT PARTICIPATIONSTUDENT PARTICIPATION

ACADEMIC – Feedback on academic ACADEMIC – Feedback on academic programmes:programmes: Daily contact with teaching staffDaily contact with teaching staff Participation in academic committee Participation in academic committee

meetingsmeetings Filling in log books and check listsFilling in log books and check lists Filling in evaluation forms and periodic Filling in evaluation forms and periodic

survey formssurvey forms Filling in teacher assessment formsFilling in teacher assessment forms

STUDENT PARTICIPATIONSTUDENT PARTICIPATION

Political participation:Political participation: Students’ Guild and other faculty based Students’ Guild and other faculty based

student associationsstudent associations Representation on University and Faculty Representation on University and Faculty

boards & committeesboards & committees Social participation:Social participation:

Debating societiesDebating societies Concerts and other “create fun” activitiesConcerts and other “create fun” activities

Follow-up to make sure that feed-back Follow-up to make sure that feed-back results in further improvement of quality results in further improvement of quality of education and the entire learning of education and the entire learning environmentenvironment

THE MISSION OF MAKERERE THE MISSION OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY QUALITY ASSURANCE UNIVERSITY QUALITY ASSURANCE

SYSTEMSYSTEM55

Promote confidence in:Promote confidence in: Quality of academic provision Quality of academic provision

(Teaching, Research and Service)(Teaching, Research and Service) Standard of awards of Makerere Standard of awards of Makerere

UniversityUniversity Measures taken to safeguard, Measures taken to safeguard,

enhance and effectively manage enhance and effectively manage quality assurance systemquality assurance system

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVESSTRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

Establish an efficient and effective Establish an efficient and effective QA policy and strategyQA policy and strategy

Establish an efficient and effective Establish an efficient and effective QA systemQA system

Ensure effective staff and student Ensure effective staff and student performanceperformance

Provide leadership in the Provide leadership in the transformation of core QA business transformation of core QA business processesprocesses

PILOTING QUALITY PILOTING QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ASSURANCE FOR

MAKERERE UNIVERSITYMAKERERE UNIVERSITY

QA - ACTIVITIES ASKED OF QA - ACTIVITIES ASKED OF PILOT FACULTIESPILOT FACULTIES55

1.1. Provide leadership – by piloting QA Provide leadership – by piloting QA initiativeinitiative

2.2. Prepare academicians for their roles Prepare academicians for their roles – Training in pedagogy– Training in pedagogy

3.3. Train in Flexible & Distributed Train in Flexible & Distributed Learning (FDL) including Learning (FDL) including e-learninge-learning DICTSDICTS

4.4. Ensure effective performance by Ensure effective performance by teacher -student assessmentteacher -student assessment

5.5. Organize student attachmentsOrganize student attachments

1.1. Effectively implement and evaluate Effectively implement and evaluate external examiningexternal examining

2.2. Undertake curriculum monitoring Undertake curriculum monitoring and reviews (Delivery, support and and reviews (Delivery, support and assessment)assessment)

3.3. Offer cross-cutting courses to Offer cross-cutting courses to graduate studentsgraduate students

4.4. Evaluate research programmesEvaluate research programmes5.5. Improve efficiency and Improve efficiency and

effectiveness of QASeffectiveness of QAS6.6. Scale out to University based on Scale out to University based on

lessons learntlessons learnt

ACTUALIZING THE PILOT ACTUALIZING THE PILOT PROJECT?PROJECT?

HOW CAN YOU IMPLEMENT HOW CAN YOU IMPLEMENT QA ACTIVITIES?QA ACTIVITIES?

TEMPERED RADICAL APPROACHTEMPERED RADICAL APPROACH(Meyerson. Tempered Radicals. Harvard Business School Press, 2001)(Meyerson. Tempered Radicals. Harvard Business School Press, 2001)

STAY & CONFORM

LEAVE Quietly Resign

Flame out

Quiet i

ndivid

effort

sPublic,

deliberate efforts LEAVE

Apprecia

Leadership:

STAY & CHANGE

ORGANIZATION

WHAT ABOUT YOU, HOW DO YOU RESPOND?

1. INSPIRE COMMITMENT 1. INSPIRE COMMITMENT

The art of listening:The art of listening: Role play “bad” listeningRole play “bad” listening Group experience “bad” listeningGroup experience “bad” listening Share how it felt not being listened toShare how it felt not being listened to Role model “good” listeningRole model “good” listening Group experience “good” listeningGroup experience “good” listening Share how it felt being listened to wellShare how it felt being listened to well Actively listen and keenly observe. Do not Actively listen and keenly observe. Do not

allow people’s efforts to go unnoticed & allow people’s efforts to go unnoticed & unappreciatedunappreciated

When I dream alone, it is just a dream

When we dream together, it is the beginning of reality

When we work together, following our dream, it is the creation of heaven on earth

(adapted Brazilian Proverb)

THE CAPACITY OF THE CAPACITY OF APPRECIATIVE & SPIRITED APPRECIATIVE & SPIRITED

LEADERSLEADERS

“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” Margaret Mead

2. GET TO THE ROOT CAUSE, 2. GET TO THE ROOT CAUSE, ASK:ASK:

1.1. Why?Why?

2.2. Why?Why?

3.3. Why?Why?

4.4. Why?Why?

5.5. Why?Why?MSH - MANAGERS WHO LEAD

3. DEMING (PDCA) CYCLE3. DEMING (PDCA) CYCLE

QUALITY

Quality AssuranceSystem

PLAN - identify problems faced, plan solution

DO changes on a small scale first to test whether they will work

ACT to get the greatest benefit from changes: Implement on a large scale if successful

CHECK to see if changes are working: achieving desired improvements

IN CONCLUSIONIN CONCLUSION

UNIVERSITY UNDERTAKINGUNIVERSITY UNDERTAKING

We are continuously seeking ways to We are continuously seeking ways to improve our university and welcome improve our university and welcome and value your views, comments and and value your views, comments and suggestionssuggestions

GETTING INVOLVEDGETTING INVOLVED

Personal Tutor System: Academic Personal Tutor System: Academic guidance and personal supportguidance and personal support

Programme and subject committees: Programme and subject committees: Critique content, teaching & learning Critique content, teaching & learning

methods, assessment and learning methods, assessment and learning resources resources

Recommend improvementsRecommend improvements Feedback when asked in meetings or Feedback when asked in meetings or

filling out questionnairesfilling out questionnaires

GETTING INVOLVEDGETTING INVOLVED

External programme review External programme review panelspanels

University decision making University decision making committeescommittees

Quality improvement in learning Quality improvement in learning and teaching projects e.g. and teaching projects e.g. development of study guidesdevelopment of study guides

Complaints system – serious Complaints system – serious persistent failurepersistent failure

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: A CONTINUOUS LONG TERM CONTINUOUS LONG TERM

COMMITMENTCOMMITMENT Quality of not a trip to a known Quality of not a trip to a known

destination but an endless pursuit for destination but an endless pursuit for improvementsimprovements

All have two complementary roles: All have two complementary roles: Maintenance and ImprovementMaintenance and Improvement

QA is not intended to be punitive but QA is not intended to be punitive but supportive and promotivesupportive and promotive

Everyone has a responsibilityEveryone has a responsibility

WORKSHOP EVALUATIONWORKSHOP EVALUATION1.1. What new thing (s) have you learnt What new thing (s) have you learnt

today?………………,…………………,today?………………,…………………,2.2. To what extent have your expectations To what extent have your expectations

been met? 1, 2, 3 (Tick one)been met? 1, 2, 3 (Tick one)3.3. How relevant is what you learnt to your How relevant is what you learnt to your

day to day life? 1, 2, 3 (Tick one)day to day life? 1, 2, 3 (Tick one)4.4. How relevant is what you learnt to your How relevant is what you learnt to your

Faculty roles? 1, 2, 3 (Tick one)Faculty roles? 1, 2, 3 (Tick one)5.5. To what extent are you committed To what extent are you committed

Quality? 1, 2,3 (Tick one)Quality? 1, 2,3 (Tick one)

1 = Not at all, 2 = 50%, 3 = Wholly1 = Not at all, 2 = 50%, 3 = Wholly

COMMITMENTCOMMITMENT

What will you, What will you, personally, do to personally, do to enable the Faculty enable the Faculty of Law outshine its of Law outshine its past glory?past glory?

QUALITY ASSURANCE:QUALITY ASSURANCE:FACULTY OF LAW, MAKERERE FACULTY OF LAW, MAKERERE UNIVERSITY – STUDENTS’ ROLE UNIVERSITY – STUDENTS’ ROLE March 2007 March 2007

QUALITY GOAL OF MAKERERE QUALITY GOAL OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY

THE VISION OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITYTHE VISION OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY THE MISSION OF MAKERERE THE MISSION OF MAKERERE

UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY ALL EMPHASIZE QUALITY.ALL EMPHASIZE QUALITY.

FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE, TO WHAT FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE, TO WHAT EXTENT IS QUALITY ACHIVED IN YOUR EXTENT IS QUALITY ACHIVED IN YOUR FACULTY?FACULTY?

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS PURPOSES OF THE WORKSHOP1 PURPOSES OF THE WORKSHOP1 TIP OF THE ICEBERG PRINCIPLE2 TIP OF THE ICEBERG PRINCIPLE2

NEVER IGNORE WEAK SIGNALSNEVER IGNORE WEAK SIGNALS TIP OF THE ICEBERG PRINCIPLE NEVER TIP OF THE ICEBERG PRINCIPLE NEVER

IGNORE WEAK SIGNALSIGNORE WEAK SIGNALS CAPTION FROM THE NEW VISION CAPTION FROM THE NEW VISION

30/10/0630/10/06 PURPOSE FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE3PURPOSE FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE3 WHAT IS COST OF QUALITY?3WHAT IS COST OF QUALITY?3 3. VIRTUOUS CYCLE: TARGET QUALITY 3. VIRTUOUS CYCLE: TARGET QUALITY

OF PRODUCT AND PROCESSOF PRODUCT AND PROCESS WHAT AREAS IN MAKERERE WHAT AREAS IN MAKERERE

UNIVERSITY & YOUR FACULTY SHOULD UNIVERSITY & YOUR FACULTY SHOULD QUALITY ASSURANCE FOCUS ON?QUALITY ASSURANCE FOCUS ON?

AREAS OF FOCUS FOR A QUALITY AREAS OF FOCUS FOR A QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMASSURANCE SYSTEM

FOR A QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM FOR A QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM TO WORK TO WORK

FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY4FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY4 ELEMENTS OF A QUALITY ASSURANCE ELEMENTS OF A QUALITY ASSURANCE

SYSTEM6SYSTEM6 QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMQUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM WHAT IS THE ROLE OF STUDENTS IN WHAT IS THE ROLE OF STUDENTS IN

QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FACULTY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FACULTY AND UNIVERSITY?UNIVERSITY?

STUDENT PARTICIPATIONSTUDENT PARTICIPATION STUDENT PARTICIPATIONSTUDENT PARTICIPATION THE MISSION OF MAKERERE THE MISSION OF MAKERERE

UNIVERSITY QUALITY ASSURANCE UNIVERSITY QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM5SYSTEM5

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVESSTRATEGIC OBJECTIVES PILOTING QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR PILOTING QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR

MAKERERE UNIVERSITYMAKERERE UNIVERSITY QA - ACTIVITIES ASKED OF PILOT QA - ACTIVITIES ASKED OF PILOT

FACULTIES5FACULTIES5 ACTUALIZING THE PILOT PROJECT?ACTUALIZING THE PILOT PROJECT?

HOW CAN YOU IMPLEMENT QA HOW CAN YOU IMPLEMENT QA ACTIVITIES?ACTIVITIES?

TEMPERED RADICAL APPROACHTEMPERED RADICAL APPROACH(Meyerson. Tempered Radicals. (Meyerson. Tempered Radicals. Harvard Business School Press, 2001)Harvard Business School Press, 2001)

1. INSPIRE COMMITMENT 1. INSPIRE COMMITMENT THE CAPACITY OF THE CAPACITY OF

APPRECIATIVE & SPIRITED LEADERSAPPRECIATIVE & SPIRITED LEADERS 2. GET TO THE ROOT CAUSE, ASK:2. GET TO THE ROOT CAUSE, ASK: 3. DEMING (PDCA) CYCLE3. DEMING (PDCA) CYCLE IN CONCLUSIONIN CONCLUSION UNIVERSITY UNDERTAKINGUNIVERSITY UNDERTAKING GETTING INVOLVEDGETTING INVOLVED GETTING INVOLVEDGETTING INVOLVED QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: A

CONTINUOUS LONG TERM CONTINUOUS LONG TERM COMMITMENTCOMMITMENT

WORKSHOP EVALUATIONWORKSHOP EVALUATION COMMITMENTCOMMITMENT