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Sistemas deInformao em
GestoCap. 2 - Tecnologias da
Informao13000907@edu.ulusiada.pt
mailto:fernando.gaspar@gmail.commailto:fernando.gaspar@gmail.com -
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SIG www.fernando-gaspar.com2
Sumrio
Hardware.
Software e Databases.Internet, intranet, and extranetapplications.
Redes e telecomunicaes.
http://www.fernando-gaspar.com/http://www.fernando-gaspar.com/http://www.fernando-gaspar.com/http://www.fernando-gaspar.com/ -
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Hardware
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Computer System Categories
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Computer hardware functions
Input
Keyboards,
mice, opticalscanners Convert data
into electronicform
Processing
Central
ProcessingUnit (CPU) Arithmetic-
logic unitperforms thearithmeticfunctions
Control unit
Output
Video display
units, printers,etc. Convert
electronicinformationinto human-intelligibleform
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Computer hardware functions
Storage
Primary StorageUnit or memory
SecondaryStorage
Magnetic disksand Opticaldisks
Control
Control unit ofthe CPU
Controls theother
components ofthe computer
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Moores Law
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Peripherals
Peripheral is generic name for all input, output, and secondary storagedevices that are part of the computer system but are not part of the CPU
Online devicesSeparate from CPUBut electronically connected to and controlled by CPU
Offline devices
Separate from and not under control of the CPU
Peripherals are online devices
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Peripheral Checklist
Monitores Impressoras
Input:Digitalizadores,teclado, rato,
Armazenamento:disco rgido, DVD,
flash drives
Sistemas deBackup
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Software
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Types of software
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Software Licensing
All software is licensed
You dont buy software: you buy a license to use thesoftware under the terms of the licensing agreement
Licensed to protect the vendors property rights
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System software
Software that manages and supports a computer system
System management programs Programs that manage hardware, software, network, and data
resources E.g., operating systems, network management programs, database
management systems, systems utilities
Systems development programs Programs that help users develop information system programs
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Dados e Bases de Dados
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Fundamental Data Concepts
Character: single alphabetic, numeric or other symbol
Field or data item: a grouping of related characters Represents an attribute (a characteristic or quality) of some entity (object,
person, place or event) Example: salary
Record: grouping of all the fields used to describe theattributes of an entity
Example: payroll record with name, SSN and rate of pay Cont.
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Fundamental Data Concepts
File or table: a group of related
records
Database: an integrated collectionof logically related data elements
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Types of databases
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Data Warehouse
Stores data that has been extracted from the operational, external and otherdatabases
Data has been cleaned, transformed and cataloged
Used by managers and professionals for
Data mining,Online analytical processing,
Business analysis,Market research,Decision support
Data mart is subset of warehouse for specific use of department
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Data Warehouse
Source: Adapted courtesy of Hewlett-Packard.
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Data Mining
Data in data warehouse are analyzed to revealhidden patterns and trends
Examples:
Perform market-basket analysis to identify new
business processes Find root causes to quality problems Cross sell to existing customers Profile customers with more accuracy
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Traditional File Processing
Data stored in independent files
Problems: Data redundancy Lack of data integration Data dependence files, storage devices,
and software are dependent on each other Lack of data integrity or standardization
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Database Management Approach
Consolidate data into databases thatcan be accessed by different programs
Use a database management system(DBMS)
DBMS serves as interface betweenusers and databases
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Traditional File Processing
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Database Management Approach
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DBMS Major Functions
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Database Interrogation
End users use a DBMS by asking for information via aquery or a report generator
Query language immediate responses to ad hoc datarequests
SQL (Structured Query Language) an international standard querylanguage
Graphical Queries -- Point-and-click methods Natural Queries similar to conversational English
Report generator quickly specify a report format forinformation you want printed in a report
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Natural Language versus SQL
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Graphical Query
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Redes e telecomunicaes
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Network Concepts
Network
An interconnected chain, group or systemNumber of possible connections on a networkis N * (N-1)
Where N = number of nodes (points of connections onthe network) Example, if there are 10 computers on a network, there
are 10 * 9 = 90 possible connections
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Metcalfes Law
The usefulness of a network equals the square of thenumber of users
On a small network, a change in technology affectstechnology only
On a large network like the Internet, a change intechnology affects social, political and economicsystems
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Telecommunications
Exchange of
information in anyform (voice, data,
text, images, audio,video) over networks
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Using the Internet for business
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Business value of the Internet
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A evoluo da internet
Web 1.0 vsWeb 2.0 Comparao
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http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0http://blogs.voices.com/thebiz/web1vsweb2.pnghttp://blogs.voices.com/thebiz/web1vsweb2.pnghttp://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0 -
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An Intranet
A network inside an organization
That uses Internet technologies (such as Web browsersand servers, TCP/IP protocols, HTML, etc.)
To provide an Internet-like environment within theorganization
For information sharing, communications,collaboration and support of business processes
Protected by security measures Can be accessed by authorized users through the
Internet
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Extranet
Network links that use Internettechnologies
To connect the Intranet of abusiness
With the Intranets of its customers,suppliers or other business partners
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Extranet Uses
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Tipos de Redes
WAN LAN VPNs
Cliente-Servidor
Peer topeer Wireless
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Local Area Network (LAN)
Connect computers within a limited physicalarea such as an office, classroom, or building
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Client/Server Network
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Client/Server networks
Clients: End user personal computers or networkedcomputers
Interconnected by LANs
Servers: manage networks
Processing shared between clients and servers
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k
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Peer-to-Peer Network
P t t k
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Peer-to-peer networks
Networks that connect from one
PC to another PC
Common use is the downloadingand trading of files
Wi l T h l i
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Wireless Technologies
Cellular and PCS telephone and pager systems Divide the geographic area into small areas or cells Each cell has transmitter or radio relay antenna to send
message from one cell to another
Wireless LANs Radio signals within an office or building Connect PCs to networks
Bluetooth Short-range wireless technology To connect PC to peripherals such as printer
Wi l W b
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Wireless Web
Connect portable communicationsdevices to the Internet
C i ti P
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Communications Processors
N t k T l i
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Network Topologies
O S t
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Open Systems
Information systems that use common standards for hardware,software, applications and networks
Internet networking technologies are a common standard foropen systems
Connectivity:
Ability of networked computers to easily access and communicate with eachother and share information
Interoperability: The ability of an open system to enable end user applications to be
accomplished using different varieties of computer systems, softwarepackages, and databases provided by a variety of interconnected networks
Resumo
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HardwareComputadoresRedes
SoftwareSistemas operativos
AplicaesDados e Bases de Dados
Internet e aplicaes
Redes e telecomunicaesLocais distncia
SIGwww.fernando-gaspar.com 5
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Resumo
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SIGwww.fernando-gaspar.com 5
2
Cap. 2 - Tecnologias daInformao
Leituras
OBrien & Marakas, cap. 3, 4, 5e 6
Dvidas:fernandoacgaspar@gmail.com
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