slide 1 of 26 chemistry. © copyright pearson prentice hall slide 2 of 26 properties of matter >...

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Chemistry

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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter

Properties can be classified as:

a. Physical: malleability, conductivity, density, color, odor, volume, mass, etc…

b. Chemical: flammability, reactivity.

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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter

a. Extensive: a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

b. Intensive: a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample.

Physical Properties can be classified as:

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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter

Properties

Physical Chemical

Intensive Extensive Flammability & Reactivity

Color,Odor,Density Mass,Volume,Length

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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter

Extensive Properties Examples

•Mass

•Volume

•Weight

•Length

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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter

Intensive Properties Examples

•Hardness

•Color

•Density

•Boiling/Melting Point

•Odor

2.1

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Properties of Matter >

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Identifying Substances

Identifying Substances

Do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances

This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance.

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances

Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.

Examples: elements and compounds

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances

A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

2.1

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Three commonly discussed states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

(others: Plasma, Bose Einstein Condensate)

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Solids

A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Liquid

A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Gases

A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

(indefinite shape and volume)

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.

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Properties of Matter >

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Physical Changes

Physical Changes

How can physical changes be classified?

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.

As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

2.1

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

• All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible (evaporation, condensation, etc...)

• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.

2.1

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

2.1 Section Quiz.

2.1.

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1. Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter?

a. temperature

b. color

c. mass

d. hardness

2.1 Section Quiz.

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2.1 Section Quiz.

2. Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance?

a. all properties of a substance

b. intensive properties

c. chemical properties

d. physical properties

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2.1 Section Quiz.

3. Match the states of matter with the following descriptions:

(1) takes the volume and shape of its container

(2) has a definite shape and volume

(3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape

a. (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas

b. (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid

c. (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid

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