sleep kieri gibson. definition of sleep a natural and periodic state of rest during which...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
219 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Definition of Sleep
A natural and periodic state of rest during which ________________ of the world is suspended
Importance of Sleep
Faster and more complete recovery from illness and injury
Minimizes the effects of stress Increases ability to ________________
Cont.
Enhances ability to handle minor irritations Improves _____________ Enhances ability to perform tasks logically Improves personal relationship Increases hand-eye coordination
How much sleep is enough?
Infants– 16-18 hrs/day
Teenagers & Young Adults– __ hrs/day
Adults– 7-8 hrs/day
Stages of Sleep
A. Walking stage• Body prepares for sleep• Relaxed wakefulness• Body begins to slow down• Muscles relax• ________________ slows to a roll
Cont.
A. Non Rapid Eye Movement Stages• Stage 1 (sleep or drowsiness) (Non-REM)
• 50% reduction in activity between wakefulness and Stage 1 sleep
• Person may feel he or she has not slept if aroused from this stage
• Lasts for _____________ minutes
Cont.
B. Stage 2 (light sleep)• Spontaneous periods of muscle tone mixed with
muscle relaxation• Heart rate slows• Body temperature ________________• Preparation to enter deep sleep
C. Stages 3 and 4 (Deep Sleep)
Cont.
D. Rapid Eye Movement (deep sleep)• Intense dreaming• Heightened cerebral activity• Paralysis in major voluntary muscles• Changes in physiological states
A Good Nights Sleep
________________ Exercise Avoid Caffeine, Nicotine and Alcohol Relax before bed Control room temperature Don’t lie in bed awake
Insomnia
Difficulty falling and/or staying asleep
A. 2 types Primary insomnia – not associated with any other
health problems or conditions Secondary insomnia – sleep problems due to a
________________ (e.g., pain, asthma, depr.)
Cont.
B. Causes of Insomnia • ________________ – positive or negative (e.g.,
job loss or moving)• Interference with sleep schedule (e.g., jet lag)• Emotional/Physical discomfort• Environment (e.g., noise, light)
Cont.
C. Treatment• Acute insomnia
• Change sleep habits• Mild sleep aids
• ________________ insomnia• Treat underlying problems• Behavior therapy
Sleep Apnea
Interrupted or discontinuous breathing during sleep
A. 2 types • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) – blockage of
the air passage• ________________ sleep apnea – brain does
not signal muscles to breathe (e.g. common in stroke patients)
Cont.
C. Treatment• Conservative tx
• _________________________• Avoiding alcohol/drug use• Special devices (e.g. neck pillows, nose strips, dental
devices)
Cont.
Therapy – ________________ positive airway pressure (CPAP)
• Prevents airway closure by wearing an air blower mask on face & nose
• Apnea will come back if therapy is discontinued• Surgery
• Outpatient procedure• Permanent fix to apnea
Narcolepsy
Neurological disorder that affects the control over sleep & wakefulness
A. Symptoms• Excessive daytime sleeplessness• Sleep paralysis • ________________ – loss of voluntary muscle
control• Hallucinations
Cont.
B. Test for Diagnosis • Polysomnogram (PSG)
• Overnight test that documents abnormalities in sleep cycle
• ___________________________ (MSLT)• Measures tendency to fall asleep • P.T. required to take 4-5 short naps during session
Cont.
C. Treatment• ________________• Drug tx – antidepressants & amphetamine-like
stimulants• Avoid caffeine • Create sleep schedule
What is a Sleep Aid?
1. Over-the-counter drugs
2. Prescription Medication
3. Non-medical supplements and therapies
Over-The-Counter Medication
1. Should be used for transient or short term insomnia or in conjunction with changes in your sleep habits
2. Pay attention to your body’s physical response to them• Discontinue use if:
Drowsiness Dizziness Forgetfulness Constipation Urinary retention Blurred vision Dried mouth & throat
Most Common Ingredient in OTC Sleep Medication
1. ________________a. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
b. Diphenhydramine citrate
c. Doxylamine succinate
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Most Commonly Prescribed Medications for Sleep Deprivation
1. Hypnoticsa. Sedatives
b. Minor tranquilizers
c. ________________ drugs
Prescription Sleep Medications
1. Types of Sleep Aidsa. Non-benzodiazepines
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Barbiturates
d. ________________
Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005
Non-benzodiazepines
Newest class of sleep meds Eliminated from the body quickly (short
half-life) Not likely to cause daytime sleepiness “Selective”
Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005
Benzodiazepines
This class is both ________________ acting medicines
Were originally formulated to treat anxiety
Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005
Barbiturates
Rarely prescribed due to risk of:– Addiction– Abuse– _____________
Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005
Antidepressants
Not approved for this purpose, but at times doctors will prescribe them to promote sleep
Non-Prescription Treatments
1. ________________• Controversial• Classified as a dietary supplement• Not undergone rigorous clinical testing that
medicines do
Still widely sold as a sleep aid
Cont.
Benefits are unproven b/c lack of extensive testing
Generally considered safe but could be harmful under certain circumstances• Ex: Do not use chamomile if you are pregnant or
if you are taking blood thinners
Not approved by ___________
Common Side Effects (depending on prescription)
Dizziness Lightheadedness Daytime
________________ Diarrhea Difficulty w/
coordination
Tips for better daytime habits
Don’t take naps during the day– Less than 30 minutes if you have to
Limit caffeine and alcohol Don’t smoke Expose yourself to bright light
or ________________ soon after waking Exercise early in the day Check iron level
Gina Kemp, MA and Robert Segal, MA © 1996 – 2005. Helpguide.org
Better Sleep Environment
Make sure bed is large & comfortable
Make bedroom primarily a place for ________________
Keep bedroom peaceful
Gina Kemp, MA and Robert Segal, MA © 1996 – 2005. Helpguide.org
top related