slaves: economic – gang force labor in fields, manifest destiny opened rich new lands (more slaves...

SLAVES:•Economic – gang force labor in fields, Manifest Destiny opened rich new lands (more slaves were needed)

•Social – treated as property, dehumanized, deprived of African name and culture, cruelty

•Political: South, no rights, Political power in white South was based on how many slaves one owned. North, slavery was gradually abolished after the Revolutionary Ward

•Westward expansion caused heated debates over slavery

Free Blacks

•Economic – worked as domestics, artisans, laborers and sailors

Social – African Methodist and Baptist Churches were the central focus

Political: Black national conventions, eight states sent black delegates to the 1853 convention, limited freedom due to prejudices, regulated by slave codes.

Most famous African American who played a role in the abolitionist movement

•Escaped from slavery

•Published the “North Star” (antislavery newspaper)

•Wrote an autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas

Supreme Court case struck down Missouri Compromise allowing slavery to expand in the “free territories” of the North and West

Scott was a slave who was forced to accompany his master from Missouri to a free territory

Scott sued for his freedom in the new territory

Chief Justice ruled that Scott was property not a citizen

Importance: Big step leading toward Civil War

1860 – 16th President of the U.S.

South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union because Lincoln was a Republican and associated with the abolitionist cause

Believed the states had never legally left the Union

Assassinated 1863 by John Wilkes Booth

North wanted strong central government while the South wanted states’ rights

Slavery was the major issue

North prevailed

Brilliant general of the Confederate Army

His defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war in favor of the North

Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House in 1865

Union’s top general in the Civil War

1868 – President of the United States

Presidency marred with corruption and scandals

Site of first shots of the Civil War

Significance: North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Arkansas seceded

Former Senator from Mississippi

1861 = elected first president of the Confederacy

Struggled to unify the southern states under a central government

President Abraham Lincoln

Freed all slaves in states that were rebelling against the Union

Effect: Many African Americans rushed to join the union army

Involved most soldiers and produced most deaths in the Civil War

Site of Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg address

Turning point of Civil War in favor of the North

Part of the Anaconda Plan

Union took control of the Mississippi River cutting the South off from the West

Stressed concept of national unity

Denied secession’s legality

Promised not to interfere with slavery in border states where slavery existed

Stated, “Malice toward none; charity for all”

Period after the Civil War known as radical Reconstruction

The South was in political, social and economic turmoil and eleven states had suceded.

1865 – Freedmen’s Bureau was established to assist former slaves with food, medical care, schools and resettlement

1865-South created the black codes. These restricted blacks rights to own property, established a curfew, and forced blacks to work as agricultural laborers. The Civil Right Act of 1866 eliminated these codes.

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

After federal troops withdrew from the South, blacks again became second-class citizens. It would not be until the civil rights movement in the 1960s that this would change.