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RUHLMANN Laurent
Birth year: 11/11/1967, at Besançon (France)
Nationality: French
Phone: 00-33-(0)3 68 85 14 15 / 00-33-(0)6 99 88 71 57
Fax: 00-33-(0) 3 68 85 14 31
Position: Professor, permanent staff
Université de Strasbourg
Institut de Chimie – UMR 7177
Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du
Corps Solide
CS 90032
F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
Email: lruhlmann@unistra.fr
Skills:
(a) Expert with porphyrin and polyoxometalate chemistry as well as formation of hybrid
organic – inorganic chromophore(s) – polyoxometalate complexes. (b) Expert with
photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. (c) Expert with the electrochemical techniques:
coulometry - and exhaustive electrochemical synthesis (preparative electrochemistry) -
polarography, spectroeletrochemistry, cyclic and stationary voltammetry, etc… (d) Expert
with purification, characterization and studies of organic and inorganic compounds (UV-vis,
IR, Fluorescence, photochemistry and paramagnetic and diamagnetic NMR techniques). (e)
Familiar with ESR, photochemical and magnetic studies. (f) Teaching undergraduate courses
in electrochemistry and general chemistry.
Research:
The main goal of my research developed at the Chemical Physics Laboratory is to
obtain organic hybrids of polyoxometalates (POMs) and porphyrins — molecules as
well as polymeric materials — able to photocatalytically reduce metal cations or NOx.
In these hybrid systems, the porphyrin sub-units will be used as photosensitizers
capable of delivering electrons to the strongly oxidant POMs under light irradiation.
The reduced POMs can then catalyze reductions, e. g. the reduction of the NOx or of
the heavy metal cations Mn+. The porphyrins can be regenerated in the presence of a
sacrificial electron donor.
• Our first objective is to prepare and characterize POM-porphyrin model
compounds helping understand and predict the characteristics required for good
photocatalytic properties. Several types of POM/porphyrin have been introduced
(Figure 1).
2
Figure 2. Mechanisms for the photoreduction of silver ions by the
use of the porphyrin-POM complexes.
Figure 1. Porphyrin(s) – polyoxometalate complexes obtained via coordination.
• The second objective is the formation of electrostatic porphyrins/POM complexes
in solution from tetracationic porphyrin and polyanion (Scheme 1).
Scheme 1. Representation of A) ZnOEP(py)4
4+, B) ZnTMePyP4+, C) Co4POM16-, and D) [P2W18O62]6-.
Then, visible light-induced reduction
of metal cations such as Ag(I) (Figure
2), Hg (II), Cd (II), Cr (VI), As (III/V)),
as well as noble metals with limited
resources (Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II)...), and
NOx under aerobic and anaerobic
conditions is pursued.
The main rationale for using these
porphyrin(s) - polyoxometalate
complexes is the possibility to carry out
photocatalysis with visible radiation,
contrary to polyoxometalates only.
Indeed, porphyrins are photosensitizers
capable of giving electrons to
polyoxometalates after excitation, both
through space and through bonds. The
complexes are especially attractive,
because photocatalysis could proceed
with solar radiation.
N
HNN
NHN
HNN
NH
3
Previous experiments conducted using electrostatic porphyrins/POM complexes in
solution, have already given a posi ive outcome. Indeed, the electrostatic complexes obtained
using tetracationic porphyrins and polyoxometalate have shown a high efficiency toward the
model reaction of photocatalytic reduction of Ag(I) even under aerobic conditions. The catalyst
was stable under turnover conditions, which is an important criterion for this type of catalysis
and bodes well for future applications. Ag (I) was chosen as a model system because it
involves the exchange of a single electron. Thus, the photoexcitement of porphyrin units of the
complex in the presence of propan-2-ol (sacrificial donor) allowed the catalysis of Ag(I)
reduction in Agn.
The mechanism proposed for silver nanoparticle formation corresponds to a direct
intramolecular electron transfer from the excited porphyrins to polyoxometalate (Figure 2).
Then, the reduced POM – porphyrins complex can transfer electrons to silver ions. The
mechanism is similar to that reported for the POM alone excited in the UV domain.
Indeed, the preliminary results shows the efficient photocatalytic reduction of Ag+ in the
presence of the complex [ZnTMPyP4+
]4[Na2FeIII
2(H2O)(P2W15O56)2] using propan-2-ol as
sacrificial donor both in aerated and deaerated aqueous solutions (Figure 3). The formed
silver nanoparticles are stable in air without illumination.
Figure 3. TEM micrograph of the formed silver nanoparticles and change in the UV–visible absorption spectrum after illumination
of aqueous solution containing A) [Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16- (0.8.10-5 M) et [ZnTMePy]4+ (3.2.10-5 M) in the presence of
sacrificial donor propan-2-ol (0.13 M) and Ag+ (3,2.10-4 M). Aerated aqueous solution. B) [Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16- (0,8.10-5 M)
in the presence of propan-2-ol (0.13 M) and Ag+ (1.28.10-4 M). Deaerated aqueous solution.
• The third objective is the formation of supported tetracationic porphyrins – POM.
First, tetracationic porphyrins – POM multilayers were formed. The formation of
photocatalysts supported with tetracationic porphyrins and polyoxometalates has been
developed using [ZnTMePyP]4+
or (py)ZnOEP(py)44+
in the presence of polyoxometalates in
varied structures (Keggin or Dawson). More complex structures of the type sandwiches
[M4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16-/12-
(where M = Zn2+
, Cd2+
, Cu2+
, Ni2+
, Co2+
, Mn2+
, Fe3+
) have also
been used.
The feasibility of this approach has been assessed by dipping a glass plate or a transparent
electrode of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) in a alternated way, in a solution 0.5 mM of
[ZnTMePyP]4+
and in a solution 0.5 mM of [Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16-
. Stable multilayers
were formed (Figure 4).
Band of the
reduced POM
Plasmon band
4
Figure 4. Left: UV-visible absorption spectra of [ZnTMePyP4+ / Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)216-]n films (onto quartz) with different numbers of
deposition cycles (after porphyrin and POM depositions). (The measured absorption corresponds to the deposition of material on both sides
of the quartz). Inset: Plots of the absorbance at 452 nm as a function of the number n of deposition cycles of [ZnTMePyP4+ /
Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)216-] in pure aqueous solution. Middle: quartz slide with 25 with different numbers of deposition cycles. Right: TEM
images of the silver nanowires with the [ZnTMePyP4+ / Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)216-]n film in desaerated solutions.
The photocatalytic reduction of AgI2SO4 under visible irradiation in the presence of
propan-2-ol worked out well. It led to the formation of metallic Ag0 nanowires (Figure 5).
Second, our previous results showed that a supported catalyst, the cationic copolymer of
porphyrins can be prepared by electropolymerization of the bisubstituted monomer 5,10-
ZnOEP-meso-(bpy)22+
(1-Zn, Figure 5) via successive scannings between 0.9 V and 1.9 V /
SCE leading to the formation of directed nanostructures. Then, the "cationic" electrodes have
been soaked in a POM solution to generate a new material.
Figure 5. AFM a) of the copolymer 1-poly-Zn, and b) of the modified electrode dipped 12 hours into a solution of K4[SiW12O40] (c =
1.10-3 mol.L-1).
• Our fourth objective is the formation of functional polymers including
polyoxometalate.
The key-method for this approach was the electro-copolymerization of hybrid
porphyrins developed recently. It is based on the polarization of a working electrode
at the porphyrin’s second ring-oxidation potential in the presence of the
functionalized POM bearing two pyridyl groups [MnMo6O18{(OCH2)3CNHCO(4-
C5H4N)}2]3– (Py-POM-Py), which generates {POM-porphyrin}n copolymers after one
pot electropolymerization (Figure 4).
The photocatalytic reduction of AgI2SO4 or HAuIIICl4 under visible irradiation in
air in the presence of propa-2-nol at the 2-D interface between water and the
copolymeric films worked out well. It led to the formation of metallic Ag0 nanowires
and triangular nanosheets or Au0 nanosheets (Figure 6).
Wavelength (nm)
5
Figure 6. Electropolymerization of the 5,15-ZnOEP(py)22+ with the Anderson type polyoxometalate Py-POM-Py leading to
the copolymer porphyrin – POM. Cyclic voltammograms recorded during the electropolymerization, AFM micrograph, TEM
images of nanoparticles obtained after illumination in aerated solution of the copolymer deposited on a plate of quartz in the
presence of the sacrificial donor propan-2-ol (0.13 M) and of Ag(I) or Au(III) (1.6 x 10-4 M).
6
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2011-present: Professor, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Electrochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry (UMR 7177).
“Electrosynthesis of porphyrin”, “Synthesis of polyoxométallate and study
of their electrocatalytical properties” and “Synthesis and study of the
catalytic behaviour of new hybrid system polyoxométallate – porphyrin(s)”
1998-2011: Associate Professor, Université Paris-Sud, Chemical Physics Laboratory.
“Electrosynthesis of porphyrin”, “Synthesis of polyoxométallate and study
of their electrocatalytical properties” and “Synthesis and study of the
catalytic behaviour of new hybrid system polyoxométallate – porphyrin(s)”
1997-1998: European Post-doc, TMR Research Network "Artificial Photosynthesis for
Energy Production (Mn-Ru chemistry, Contract CT 96-0031" under the
supervision of Professor Jurgen-Hinrich Fuhrhop, Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany (Prof. Dr. J.-H. Fuhrhop).
Synthesis of various models, in solution or incorporated in
the membrane system, for the biomimetism of the PS II.
Study of this model with: electrochemistry,
spectroelectrochemitry, EPR, and photochemistry.
1994-1997: Ph’D in chemistry, in the field of the organic and the physical chemistry. "
Anodic coupling of porphyrins : new route to obtain multiporphyrins ".
Supervisors: Professors Alain Giraudeau and Maurice Gross in the
« Laboratory of Electrochemistry », University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg,
France. 06 June 1997.
1993-1994: National Service in the " Radiological Protection Laboratory of the French
Army " (Clamart, Paris).
1992-1993: Master of Inorganic Chemistry, Strasbourg, University Louis Pasteur (first
in one's year).
HDR (Capacitating to steer researches)
[1] ”From the study of porphyrin and polyoxometalate complexes to the
formation of new hybrid porphyrin – polyoxometalate complexes.”, 13
December 2006, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay.
THESIS
[1] ”Couplage anodique de porphyrines : nouvelle méthodologie pour
l'obtention de multiporphyrines”, 6 Juin 1997, Université Louis Pasteur,
Strasbourg.
PUBLICATIONS
[1] A. Giraudeau, L. Ruhlmann, L. El Kahef, M. Gross, ” Electrosynthesis and characterization of
symmetrical and unsymmetrical linear porphyrin dimers and their precursor monomers ”, J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 2669-2679.
[2] L. Ruhlmann, A. Giraudeau, ” One-pot electrochemical generation of a porphyrin dimer with
bis(diphenylphosphonium)acetylene bridge ”, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 1996, 2007-2008.
[3] M. El Baraka, J. M. Jannot, L. Ruhlmann, A. Giraudeau, M. Deunié, P. Seta, ” Photoinduced
energy transfert and electron transfert in a porphyrin triad H2TPP-V2+
-ZnOEP,2ClO4-
”,
Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem., 1998, 113, 163-169.
[4] L. Ruhlmann, A. Nakamura, H. Vos, J.-H. Fuhrhop, ” Manganese porphyrin heterodimers and
-trimers in aqueous solution ”, Inorg. Chem., 1998, 37, 6052-6059.
7
[5] J.–H. Fuhrhop, S. Svenson, C. Böttcher, C. Träger, P. Demoulin, J. Schneider, C.
Messerschmidt, L. Ruhlmann, J. Zimmermann, ” Non-covalent Chiral Fibers in Aqueous Gels
and Their Functionalization ”, Bull. Mater. Sci., 1999, 22, 101-106.
[6] L. Ruhlmann, S. Lobstein, M. Gross, A. Giraudeau, ” An electrosynthetic path towards
pentaporphyrins ”, J. Org. Chem., 1999, 64, 1352-1355.
[7] J.–H. Fuhrhop, L. Ruhlmann, C. Messerschmidt, J. Zimmermann, W. Fudickar, ” Rigidity in
Synkinetic Molecular Monolayers of Functional Lipids ”, Pure. Appl. Chem., 1999, 70, 12,
2385-2391.
[8] L. Ruhlmann, A. Schulz, A. Giraudeau, C. Messerschmidt, J.–H. Fuhrhop, ” Polycationic
Zinc-5,15-Dichlorooctaethylporphyrinate - Viologen Wire ”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121,
6664-6667.
[9] J. Zimmermann, W. Fudickar, L. Ruhlmann, J. Schneider, B. Roeder, U. Siggel, J.–H.
Fuhrhop ” Fluorescence Quenching and Size Selective Heterodimerization of a Porphyrin
Adsorbed to Gold and Embedded in Rigid Membrane Gaps” , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121,
9539-9545.
[10] Ch. Draeger, Ch. Böttcher, Ch. Messerschmidt, L. Ruhlmann, U. Siggel,
J.–L. Hammarström, H. Berglund-Baudin, J.-H. Fuhrhop, ” Isolable and Fluorescent
Mesoscopic Micelle Made of an Amphiphilic Derivative of Tris-bipyridyl Ruthenium
Hexafluorophosphate ”, Langmuir, 2000, 16, 2068-2077.
[11] L. Ruhlmann, J. Zimmermann, W. Fudickar, U. Siggel, J.–H. Fuhrhop, ” Heterodimers and –
Trimers of Meso-tetra(isophtalicacid)porphyrin with meso- and -tetramethyl pyridinium-
porphyrins in Water ”, J. Electroanal. Chem. 2001, 503, 1-14.
[12] L. Ruhlmann, A. Giraudeau, ” A first series of diphosphonium electrochemically bridged
porphyrins ”, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2001.659-668.
[13] A. Giraudeau, S. Lobstein, L. Ruhlmann, D. Melamed, K. M. Barkigia, J. Fajer,
” Electrosynthesis, Electrochemistry, and Crystal Structure of the Tetrationic Zn-meso-
Tetrapyridinium--Octaethylporphyrin ”, J. of Porphyrin and phtalocyanine. 2001, 793-797.
[14] L. Ruhlmann, L. Nadjo, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot, ” Di- and Tetranuclear Dawson-Derived
Sandwich Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical
Behavior”, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 975-986.
[15] L. Ruhlmann, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot : ” Two Novel Dawson-Derived Sandwich of
Composition: Na18[(NaOH2)2Co2(P2W15O56)2] and Na17[(NaOH2)Co3(H2O)(P2W15O56)2].
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour ”, Inorg. Chem.
2002, 41, 3811-3819 (couverture du journal).
[16] L. Ruhlmann, M. Gross, A. Giraudeau, ” Bisporphyrins with bischlorin features obtained by
direct anodic coupling of porphyrins ”, Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 5085-5096.
[17] L. Ruhlmann, J. Canny, J. Vaissermann, R. Thouvenot : ” Mixed-Metal Sandwich Complexes
[MII
2(H2O)2FeIII
2(P2W15O56)2]14-
(MII = Co, Mn): Synthesis and Stability. The molecular
structure of [MnII
2(H2O)2FeIII
2(P2W15O56)2]14-
” J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2004,5, 794-800 .
[18] L. Ruhlmann, G. Genet, ” Wells-Dawson-Derived Tetrameric Complexes
{K28H8[P2W15Ti3O60.5]4}. Electrochemical Behaviour and Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite
and of Nitric Oxide ” J. Electroanal. Chem. 2004, 568, 315-321.
[19] B. Godin, Y.-G. Chen, J. Vaissermann, L. Ruhlmann, M. Verdaguer, P. Gouzerh,
“Coordination Chemistry of the Hexavacant Tungstophosphate [H2P2W12O48]12-
with FeIII
Ions:
Towards Original Structures of Increasing Size and Complexity” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005,
44, 3072-3075.
[20] B. Godin, J. Vaisserman, P. Herson, L. Ruhlmann, M. Verdaguer, P. Gouzerh, “Coordination
chemistry of the hexavacant tungstophosphate [H2P2W12O48]12-
: synthesis ans characterization
of complexes derived from the unprecedented {P2W14O54} fragment.” Chem. Comm. 2005,
5624-5626.
[21] L. Ruhlmann, C. Costa-Coquelard, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot, “Mixed-Metal Dawson Sandwich
Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour of
Na16[MIICo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd).”, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2007,
1493-1500 (couverture du journal).
[22] L. Ruhlmann, C. Costa-Coquelard,
J. Canny, R. Thouvenot “Electrochemical and
Electrocatalytical Investigations on the Tri-manganese Sandwich Complex
[NaMn3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17-
.” J. Electroanal. Chem. 2007, 603, 260-268.
[23] J. Hao, L. Ruhlmann, Y. Zhu, Q. L,i Y. Wei “Naphthylimido-Substituted Hexamolybdate:
Preparation, Crystal Structures, Solvent Effects and Optical Properties of Three Polymorphs”
Inorg. Chem. 2007 46(11), 4960-4967.
[24] A. Flambard, L. Ruhlmann, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot, “Solution and solid-state 31
P NMR study
of paramagnetic Polyoxometalates” C. R. Chimie, 2008, 11, 415-422.
8
[25] L. Ruhlmann, C. Costa-Coquelard, S. Sorgues, I. Lampre. “Photocatalytic Reduction of
Ag2SO4 by Dawson-Derived Sandwich Complex” Macromolecular Symposia, 2008, 270, 117-
122. (Journal avec comité de lecture et deux référés).
[26] J. Hao, A. Giraudeau, Z. Ping, L. Ruhlmann, “Supramolecular assemblies obtained by large
counter anion incorporation in a well oriented polycationic copolymer”, Langmuir, 2008, 24,
1600-1603.
[27] J. Hao, Y. Xia, L. Wang, L. Ruhlmann, Y. Zhu, Q. Li, Y. Wei “Unprecedented Replacement
of Bridging Oxygen Atom in Polyoxometalate by Organic Imido Ligand.“ Angew. Chem.
2008, 120, 2666-2670.
[28] C. Allain, S. Favette, L.-M. Chamoreau, J. Vaissermann, L. Ruhlmann, B. Hasenknopf
“Hybrid organic-inorganic porphyrine-polyoxometalates complexes” Eur. J. Inorg. Chem.
2008, 22, 3433-34441 (couverture du journal)
[29] L. Ruhlmann, J. Hao, Z. Ping, A. Giraudeau, “Self-oriented Polycationic copolymers obtained
from bipyrinium meso-substituted-octaethylporphyrins” J. Electroanal. Chem. 2008, 621, 22-
30.
[30] C. Costa-Coquelard, D. Schaming, I. Lampre, S. Sorgues, L. Ruhlmann. “Photocatalytic
Reduction of Ag2SO4 by [P2W18O62]6-
and tetracobalt complex“ Applied Catalysis B:
Environmental, 2008, 84, 835.
[31] C. Costa-Coquelard, H. Jian, I. Lampre, S. Jiang, C. He L. Sun, L. Ruhlmann, “Association of
ruthenium complexes [Ru(bpy)3]2+
or [Ru(bpy)2(Mebpy-py)]2+
with Dawson polyanions
-[P2W18O62]6-
or 2-[FeIII
(H2O)P2W17O61]7-.
” Can. J. Chem. 2008, 86, 1034-1043.
[32] D. Schaming, A. Giraudeau, S. Lobstein, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, J.-P. Gisselbrecht, L.
Ruhlmann,
“Electrochemical behavior of the tetracationic porphyrins (py)ZnOEP(py)44+
4PF6- and
ZnOEP(py)44+
4Cl-. ” J. Electroanal. Chem. 2009, 635, 20-28.
[33] D. Schaming, J. Canny, K. Boubekeur, R. Thouvenot, L. Ruhlmann, “An Unprecedented
Trinuclear Dawson Sandwich Complex with Internal Lacuna. Synthesis and 31
P NMR
Spectroscopic analysis of the symmetrical [NaNi3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17-
and
[CoNi3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16-
anions. », Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 5004–5009.
[34] A. Giraudeau, D. Schaming, J. Hao, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, L. Ruhlmann, “A simple way
for the electropolymerization of porphyrins”. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2010, 638, 70-75.
[35] D. Schaming, C.Costa-Coquelard, S. Sorgues, L. Ruhlmann, I. Lampre, “reduction of Ag2SO4
by electrostatic complexes formed by tetracationic zinc porphyrins and tetracobalt Dawson-
derived sandwich polyanion.” Applied Catalysis A: General, 2010, 373, 160-167.
[36] D. Schaming, C. Allain, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, S. Lobstein, A. Giraudeau, B. Hasenknopf, L.
Ruhlmann, “Synthesis and Photocatalytic properties of Mixed Polyoxometalate-Porphyrin
copolymers obtained from Anderson-type polyoxomolybdates “ Langmuir, 2010, 26, 5101-
5109.
[37] D. Schaming, C. Costa-Coquelard, I. Lampre, S. Sorgues, M. Erard, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot,
L. Ruhlmann “Formation of a new hybrid complex via coordination interaction between
5,10,15-tritolyl-20-(4- and 3-pyridyl) porphyrin or 5,10,15-triphenyl-20-(4-pyridyl) porphyrin
and the - 11O39]6-
Keggin-type polyoxometalate (M = Co2+
and Ni2+
).”, Inorganica
Chimica Acta, 2010, 363, 1185-1192..
[38] N. Karakostas, D. Schaming, S. Sorgues, I. Lampre
S. Lobstein, J-P. Gisselbrecht, A.
Giraudeau, L. Ruhlmann “Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Spectroelectrochemistry and
Photochemistry of a fully deformed Zn-substituted Porphyrin ZnOEP(py)44+
4Cl- in aqueous
solution.“ accepté à J. Photobiol. Photochem. A., 2010, 213, 52-60.
[39] C. Costa-Coquelard, S. Sorgues, L. Ruhlmann “Photocatalysis with polyoxometalates
associated to porphyrins under visible light: an application of charges transfer in electrostatic
complexes.” J. Phys. Chem. A.,2010, 114, 6394-6400.
[40] Y. Leroux, D. Schaming, L. Ruhlmann, P. Hapiot “SECM investigations of immobilized
porphyrins films.” Langmuir, 2010, 26, 14983-14989.
[41] D. Schaming, R. Farha, H. Xu, M. Goldmann, L. Ruhlmann “Formation and photocatalytic
properties of nanocomposite films containing both a tetracobalt Dawson-derived sandwich
polyanion and tetracationic porphyrin.“ Langmuir, 2011, 27, 132-143.
[42] D. Schaming, J. Hao, V. Alain, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, H. Xu,
A. Giraudeau, P. Audebert, L.
Ruhlmann, “Easy methods for the electropolymerization of porphyrins based on the oxidation
of the macrocycles”, Electrochimica Acta. 2011, 56, 10454-10463.
[43] D. Schaming, S. Marggi-Poullain, I. Ahmed, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, L. Ruhlmann,
“Electrosynthesis and electrochemical properties of porphyrin dimers with pyridinium as
bridging spacer.”, New J. Chem., 2011, 35, 2534–2543.
[44] Y. Xia, D. Schaming, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, L. Ruhlmann, “Bis-porphyrin copolymers
covalently linked by pyridinium spacers obtained by electropolymerization from -
octaethylporphyrins and pyridyl-substituted porphyrins”, in press, New J. Chem, 2011
(DOI:10.1039/C1NJ20790C).
9
CHAPTER OF BOOK
[1] L. Ruhlmann, J. Zimmermann, C. Messerschmidt, J. –H. Fuhrhop, ” Rigid
Angströn Clefts in Lipids Membrane on Solid Surfaces ”, NATO ASI series, in
Supramolecular Chemistry, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,
Netherland, 1999, 527, 225-232.
PROCEEDING
[1] S. Favette, C. Allain, B. Hasenknopf, L. Ruhlmann, « Polyoxometalates as
molecular building blocks. » ACS Meeting, Division of Polymer Chemistry,
Boston (USA), August 19-23, 2007. Polymer Preprints (American Chemical
Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) 48(2), 663-664 2007.
Covers of journal
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