skeletal system disorders. osteomyelitis infection of the bone causes include: invading bacteria,...
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Osteomyelitis• Infection of the bone
• Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury to bone
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Arthritis• Inflammation of the joints = pain,
stiffness, & swelling (over 100 different forms - most crippling disease in the U.S.)
• Treatment may include: anti-inflammatory medication like aspirin, exercise to maintain joint mobility, rest during pain, heat for stiffness and/or cold for swelling
Osteoarthritis• Joint damage that occurs when
articular cartilage softens & breaks down = pain, stiffness, & restricted movement
• Causes include: aging, irritation, wear & abrasion of joints
• Most common type of chronic arthritis
• Frequently affects fingers, spine, knees & hips
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Inflammation of the synovial membrane resulting in swollen, painful joints - muscle spasms, destruction of cartilage, and abnormal calcium deposits are features of this disease
• Cause: autoimmune disorder
• Affects 3x more women than men; usually begins between ages 40 - 50
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Gout• A very painful attack (inflammation) in a
single joint, commonly the big toe • Cause: uric acid(waste product) is not
properly metabolized & builds up in the blood - needle-shaped uric acid crystals are then deposited in a joint
• Most common in males after age 30; hereditary link
• Treatment: drugs, weight loss, diet low in nucleic acid and avoidance of alcohol
Gout
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Dislocation• Bone is forced out of its proper position
in a joint
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Sprain• Tearing or straining of tendons and/or
ligaments resulting in pain & swelling; heals slowly due to poor blood supply in tendons/ligaments
• Treatment: RICE - Rest, Ice, Compression & Elevation
Sprain
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Rickets• Cartilage does not ossify in children,
resulting in soft bones which become bent and distorted
• Cause: Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
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Osteomalacia• Adult bones demineralize resulting in
bowed legs, flattened pelvis, and spinal deformity
• Cause: Vitamin D deficiency
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Osteoporosis• A loss in bone mass leading to thin,
fragile bones - especially in the spine and femur
• Cause: Aging, Gender(female), menopause (decreased estrogen), poor diet, lack of exercise, genetics, smoking
• Treatment/Prevention: minimize risk of falls, slow down demineralization process, treat pain
Osteoporosis
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Closed Fracture• Bone is broken but stays in place - does
not penetrate the skin
• A “clean break”
• Also called a closed fracture
Closed Fracture
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Compound Fracture
• Broken ends of the bone protrude through soft tissues and the skin
• May result in severe bone infection (osteomyelitis) = massive doses of antibiotics
• Also called an open fracture
Compound Fracture
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Greenstick fracture
• Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks
• Common in children due to higher cartilage content
Greenstick fracture
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Herniated discs• Discs dry and harden with age, which
may cause them to protrude and press on the spinal cord or nerves; results in numbness & excruciating pain
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Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
• May be congenital (present at birth), or due to disease, poor posture, or unequal muscle pull on spine
Scoliosis
• Lateral curvature of the spine
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Kyphosis
• Thoracic vertebrae curve outward “hunchback”
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Lordosis
• Lumbar vertebrae curve inward “swayback”
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