skeletal & muscular systems skeletal & muscular systems human movement human movement author...

Skeletal & Muscular Systems

Human Movement

Support and Movement

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D. Structure of the Arm

Skeletal & Muscular Systems

A. Functions of Systems

B. Bones and Cartilage

C. Muscles and Tendons

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A. Functions of the Systems

1. Bones have a variety of roles in the body

a. support & movement

b. protection & storage

c. manufacture of blood cells_

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2. Muscles produce almost all movement of your body

3. They are also involuntarily controlled functions

a. movement through digestive tract

b. pumping of blood_

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B. Bones and Cartilage

1. The skeleton is made of bone and cartilage

2. Bone is living material containing cells surrounded by a matrix

a. calcium phosphate- hardness

b. collagen- elasticity_

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3. Cartilage is softer and more elastic than bone

a. found in nose, ears, and the ends of movable bones_

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C. Muscles and Tendons

1. Muscles are made up of lots of fibers running side by side

a. cylindrical cells with many nuclei (several cm long)

2. Work in antagonistic pairs

a. flexor- contracts to bend limb

b. extensor- contracts to straighten limb_

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3. Muscles are attached to bone by tendons

4. Tendons are made of slightly wavy fiber bundles

a. flexible, but not too stretchy_

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1. Skeleton and muscles of the human arm

a. scapula, humerus, radius, and ulna

b. biceps and triceps

c. tendons_

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D. Structure of the Arm

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Human Movement

A. Types of Joints

B. Synovial Joint

C. Movement

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A. Types of Joints

1. A joint occurs where two bones meet

a. makes movement possible

2. There are three types of joints

a. pivot

b. ball-and-socket

c. hinge_

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2. A synovial joint allows the movement of two bones

a. cartilage and synovial fluid reduce the friction between the bones

b. 3x more than ice_

B. Synovial Joint

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3. Ligaments surround the joint and connect bone to bone_

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C. Movement

1. The contraction of the biceps produces a turning effect

a. elbow joint is the pivot

b. forearm is the lever

c. muscle provides the force_

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Science Learninghttp://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/contexts/sporting_edge/sci_media/images/bent_armaccessed 01.12.09

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2. There is a small distance between the attachment of the biceps and the pivot

a. greater force is needed to produce a large effect

3. Muscles are able to produce the needed large forces

a. they cannot contract over large distances

b. allows for greater speed and movement_

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