simplified methodology for assessing the risk due to exposure to hazardous chemical agents and...
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SIMPLIFIED METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE RISK DUE TO EXPOSURE
TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL AGENTS AND RESULTS OF STUDY
İlknur ÇAKAROHS Expert
Chemical Engineer, MSc
27 MAY 2010, ANKARA
Ankara
OUTLINE
•INTRODUCTION
•SIMPLIFIED RISK ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR CHEMICAL AGENTS
•WORKPLACE STUDY
•RESULTS OF STUDY
•CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
RISK ASSESSMENT89/391/EC Framework Directive98/24/EC Protection of the health and safety ofworkers from the risks related to chemical agentsat work
• “the employer shall first determine whether any hazardous chemical agents are present at the workplace. If so, he shall then assess any risk to the safety and health of workers arising from the presence of those chemical agents,
• The variables generally used;
intrinsic hazards of chemical agents
frequency/duration of exposure
quantity of chemical agents used or present
volatility or dust generation of chemicals
method of use
INTRODUCTION
Table1. Risks arising from the presence of hazardous chemical agents
Risks Risk Factors
Risks due to hazardous chemical reactions
-Chemical reactivity and instability of hazardous chemical agents-Unreliable system for controlling key variables in the reaction
Risks of fire and/or explosion -Physical state -Pressure/temperature-Flammability of the hazardous chemical agents-Sources of ignition
Risks due to inhalation of the agent/absorption through the skin of the agent
-Toxicity of the hazardous chemical agent-Exposure time-Particularly sensitive workers
Risks due to ingestion -Personel hygiene habits - Possibility of eating, drinking or smokin at work
Risks due to contact between the skin or eyes and the chemical agents
- Incorrect use of personel protective equipment- Inappropriate work procedure
Risk Assessment Methods
Simplified assessments Complex assessments
Risk Due to Exposure
Simplified Methodology for Assessing the Risk Due to the Exposure to Hazardous Chemical Agents
Measurements according to EN 689: 1995
Risk of Accident Simplified Methodology for Assessing the Risk of Accident, Fire and Explosion Due to the Presence of Hazardous Chemical Agents
- HAZOP- Fault Trees- Even Trees
Table 2. Methods for assessing the risks due to the presence of hazardous chemical agents in the workplace
When are simplified models useful?
• Initial risk assessment
• Identification of slight risk
• As a documental help when, in the view of the hygienist, the scenary is acceptable
• There is no occupational exposure limit established
• Possible use by SME (small and medium enterprises)
Risk Assessments for ChemicalsIdentification of Chemical Agents
Hazard Working Conditions
Risk Assessments (Simplified)
Risk Assessments(Detailed)
Preventive measures : priorisation-planification -implementation
Review
Assessment of the risk of exposure by
inhalation
Hazard ExposureRisk
• F-Chem properties • Toxicol. properties • Physical form
- label- MSDS- Limit Value- others
Concentration• volatility or
dustiness• form of use • quantity used• control measures
Time• duration• frequency
• Simplified assessment:
No airborne measurements
These methodologies do not constitute an
alternative to an detailed risk assessments
They do just first diagnosis of the situation
COSHH Essential
Hazard
(R phrases)
Volatility or dustiness
Amount of substance
Risk level Control
measures+
Chemical hazard (according to R phrases)
AR36, R36/38, R38, R65, R67Substances with R-phrases that dont belong to bands BtoE
B R20, R20/21, R20/21/22, R20/22, R21, R21/22, R22
C
R23, R23/24, R23/24/25, R23/25, R24, R24/25, R25, R34, R35, R36/37, R36/37/38, R37, R37/38, R41, R43, R48/20, R48/20/21, R48/20/21/22, R48/20/22, R48/21, R48/21/22, R48/22
D
R26, R26/27, R26/27/28, R26/28, R27, R27/28, R28, Kans. Kat 3 R40, R48/23, R48/23/24, R48/23/24/25, R48/23/25, R48/24, R48/24/25, R48/25, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64
EMut. Kat. 3 R40, R42, R42/43, R45, R46, R49, Mut. Kat. 3 R68
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
20 50 80 110 140
Process Temperature , ºC
High
Medium
Boiling Temperature , ºC
Volatility
Low
Dustiness
Low: Pellets and similar. Little dust is seen during use
Medium: crystalline, granular solids When used, dust is seen but settles out quickly
High: Fine, light powders There are dust clouds that can remain for
minutes
Amount of substance used in the operation
• Small: Grams or mililitres
• Medium: Kilograms or litres
• Large: Tons or cubic metres
Hazard Level A
Volatility/Dust Generation
Quantity Used
Low Volatility/Dust Generation Medium Volatility Medium Dust Generation High Volatility/Dust Generation
Low 1 1 1 1
Medium 1 1 1 2
High 1 1 2 2
Hazard Level B
Volatility/Dust Generation
Quantity Used
Low Volatility/Dust Generation Medium Volatility Medium Dust GenerationHigh Volatility/Dust
Generation
Low 1 1 1 1
Medium 1 2 2 2
High 1 2 3 3
Hazard Level C
Volatility/Dust Generation
Quantity Used
Low Volatility/Dust Generation Medium VolatilityMedium Dust Generation High Volatility/Dust
Generation
Low 1 2 1 2
Medium 2 3 3 3
High 2 4 4 4
Hazard Level D
Volatility/Dust Generation
Quantity Used
Low Volatility/Dust GenerationMedium Volatility Medium Dust Generation High Volatility/Dust
Generation
Low 2 3 2 3
Medium 3 4 4 4
High 3 4 4 4
Hazard Level E
In all situation involving substances of this hazard level, the level of risk will be regarded as 4
Hazard group C
Volatility/ Dustiness
Amount used
Low Volatility or Dustiness
Medium Volatility
Medium Dustiness
High Volatility or Dustiness
Small 1 2 1 2Medium 2 3 3 3Large 2 4 4 4
Risk bands
RB1: Can be controlled with: General Ventilation
RB2: Can be controlled with: Partial enclosure and local exhaust ventilation
RB3: Can be controlled with: Total enclosure
RB4: An expert in industrial hygiene is needed
Workplace Study
• In this study, the industrial exposure to the chemicals that occurred in small-sized furniture manufacturing firms have been analyzed. We’ve had interviews with workers in 15 workplaces
Workplaces
Results
• % 11 below 20 years old
• % 17 over 45 years old.
• Average of the workers’ age : 34,
• Average of the working years : 18 years.
• Smoking % 59
• Use of alcohol % 22
Table 3. Risk Bands of Chemicals Used in Furniture Industry
R.R.BB. 1. 1 R. R. BB. 2. 2 R. R. BB. 3. 3 R. R. BB. 4. 4
PaintingPainting Antisilicone Additive, Pigment, Glycol
P.U. lacquer, P.U. Paint, P.U Primer, Polyester Primer, Polyester Paint, Retarder, Acrylic Thinner, Aceton, Toluen
Selülozik Vernik, Akrilik Vernik, Akrilik Dolgu Vernik, Selülozik Dolgu Vernik, Selülozik Boya, Akrilik Astar, Selülozik Astar, Selülozik Tiner, P.U. Tiner, Dolgu Vernik Sertleştirici, Selülozik Boya Sertleştirici, Ksilen
Polyester Filling lacquer, P.U. lacquer Hardener, Toluen 2,4 Diisociyanate, Nitrocellulose paint, Nitrocellulose White Primer
FlooringFlooring Glue Hot Melt (Adhesive)
ManufacturingManufacturing(Woodwork)(Woodwork)
Glue Mdf Wood Dust
THANK YOU
icakar@csgb.gov.tr
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