shf jan09 pjo sogreah evacuateurs 3 english
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Surface spillways
Pierre JEHANNOSOGREAH/ARTELIA, Grenoble France
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
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Subject of the presentation
Experience on some existing projects,
limites of standardized/normalized design,
Some elements of design of spillways,
presentation of some perculiar solutions.
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
General remarks on spillways and spillway deisgn
Types of spillways
Types of dissipating strutures
Standard conception and their limits
Problems posed by low and medium head spillways
problems posed by scourable scale models
Problems posed by stilling basins
Limits of scale models
Limits et promises of mathematical models *
Some indications of improved design
(*) to be developed
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Energy dissipation
Stilling basins (Jupia /Brsil, Nam Leuk /Laos)
concrete apron (Vouglans /France, Orange River /RSA)
plunge pool (Kariba /Zimbabwe, Katse/Lesotho)
Dissipation on natural bed rock (Song Loulou/Cameroun, El Breck/Tunisie)
Problems posed by spillways (low & medium heads)
heads too low to move away the impact of water sheet
which leads to stilling basins *) et associated problems: high cost,cavitation, drainage, under-pressures, material circulation (erosion),uncertainties on downstream Z(Q) relationship.
(*) if dissipation on natural bed rock is not contemplated
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Examplesdifferent types ofspillways and dissipation
structures
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Scourable scale models
Limits:
When the model is stopped, the movable material fills in partially the
plung pool underestimation of scour, Case of broken rock: the equilibrium slope is less than prototype
slope,
Reprsentation:
Use of transparent surface (Turwel, Katse), Painted layers at different depths (Katse),
Use of cohesive material, in order to represent steep slope after scour(Agoyan)
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Some indications/ideas for a improved design
Stilling basins: modified blocks, modified end sill (Sidi Aich/Tunisia,Upper Atbara/ Sudan)
Shorter stilling basins with reinforced downnstream protection, Splitters type colonel Robert ,
Special Teeths and buckets (along the chute or at the end of thespillway),
Spilling over a very large width in order to limit specific discharge
( Comoe/Burkina Faso ) Generalisation of impact basin (USBR VI, SAF) for high heads and
discharges.
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Plung pool: Notion of dissipation rate
project Q (m3/s) q (m3 /m/s) Head (m) P/V (Kw /m3 )
P.K. Leroux 13 000 62 71 # 30
Cambambe 9 500 150 60 # 56
Maguga 7 000 35 85 # 31
Ertan 23 900 - 165 21
Xingo 16 000 - 83.5 22
Kariba 8710 - 88.7 9
Sidi Saad 5400 - 50 9.3
Katse 6040 - 142 20
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Stilling basins USBR VI: max:14.5 kW/m3
According to P. Mason (*): 10 30 kW:m3 (plunge pool); 60 kW/m3 (impactbasins)
Hydraulic jumps: 7 kW/m3 17 kW/m3 (heads: 10 to 50 m), pratically
indpendant of specific discharge.
note: Scour depths calculated by classical formulae give a depth very closeto jump depths.
(*): A guide to energy dissipaters, HRW, March 2004
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Some examples ofsurface spillways
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Stilling basins with dispersion bucket
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Advantages:
Rduction of 12% stilling basin volume,
Scouring 2 time less, Pressure fluctuations reduced by 50%,
No more return currents downstream the basins,
Certain aeration.
Is contemplated if the head is > 4 times the critical head.
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Chute equiped with modifiedsplitters:
Katse dam (Lesotho)
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Alternative studied on scale model 2 & 3
Q=6080 m3 /s
Dam heigth: 185 m
head: 160 m
Adopted alternative: n3
(scouring reduced by 8 m)
C C S
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C ll CFBR SHF J i 2009
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C ll CFBR SHF J i 2009
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C ll CFBR SHF J i 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
USBR III basin modified
Er Mel (Tunisia)
(Q=1600 m3/s, head: 20 m)
C ll CFBR SHF J i 2009
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Er Mel dam: baffle Blocks: outlets ofdrainage
Pressure profil along a change of direction
C ll CFBR SHF J i 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Renforced stilling basinMequinenza dam (Spania)
(Q=11 000 m3 /s, head: 55 m)
Colloque CFBR SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Plunge pool + pre-excavation+ dispersion teeths
Sficifa dam (Tunisia)
(Q= 1200 m3/s, head: 23 m)
Colloque CFBR SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Elavation Partial view from downstream
Colloque CFBR SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009Evacuateurs de surface
Side spillway equiped with a aeratedbucket and pre-excaved pool
Kouris (Cyprus)
(Q=1600 m3/s, head: 90 m)
Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009
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Large weir and pre-excaved pool
Tucurui dam (Brazil)(Q= 110 000 m3/s, Q25= 52400
m3
/s, dam head: 80 m)
Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009
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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009
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Thank you for your
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