shaping the transportation system of the 21...

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Shaping the Transportation System of the 21st Century

GoGreen Seattle

Alex Schroeder National Renewable Energy Laboratory

April 30, 2015

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•  About 2,400 employees with world-class facilities

•  Owned by the Department of Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy

NREL at a Glance

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

•  Only U.S. National Laboratory dedicated to renewable energy and energy efficiency research

•  Established in 1979 as Solar Energy Research Institute

Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL 17613

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Transportation is Poised for Substantive Change

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

2012 2017 2022

Bill

ions

of D

olla

rs

0

50

100

150

200

Transportation Funding is Unsustainable Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicle Availability is Increasing

The World in Increasingly Urbanizing

0%  

25%  

50%  

75%  

“Ubering” has become a verb

Source: U.S. Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center Source: U.S. Congressional Budget Office

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2012); World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision, New York; Source: Business Insider (2015)

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NREL’s Contribution: Petroleum and GHG Reduction

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NREL’s Contribution: Petroleum and GHG Reduction

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The Market for Fuels Cells is Growing

The Clean Energy Patent Growth Index shows that fuels cell patents lead in the clean energy field with over 950 fuel cell patents issued in 2011 •  Second to fuels cells was solar technology with ~540 patents

Source: Cleantech Group- Heslin Rothenberg Farley & Mesiti P.C.

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Fuel Cell Vehicles are Coming to the US

Manufacturer Launch

Ford >2017

GM >2017

Honda ~2016

Hyundai *2014*

Daimler ~2017

Nissan ~2017

Toyota *2015*

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•  99 stations public/private/planned across the United States

•  Smartphone app from AFDC tracks station status and locations

•  http://www.afdc.energy.gov/locator/stations/

State of H2 Infrastructure in the U.S.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center

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Key H2 Topics that We Need to Get Right

Infrastructure • Seamless consumer

experience • Continued cost

reductions • Coordinated roll out with

vehicles • Non ZEV state strategy

Fuel Cell and Vehicle Component Technology • Reduce cost, increase

durability • Continued increase in

component efficiency

Renewable Hydrogen Production • Continued cost reduction

in producing hydrogen to compete with natural gas

• Validation of business operations in commercial setting

• Possible engagement with utilities

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Connected and Automated Mobility and Energy

Safety and Convenience Benefits

Appealing consumer amenities

commercially available now

!  Collision aversion

!  Park assist

!  Limited drive-cycle smoothing

!  GPS route mapping

!  Dynamic ridesharing

Image courtesy of Ford Image Courtesy of GM

Today Near-Term Long-Term

System-Wide Benefits Dramatic innovations

Deployment challenges

!  Fully automated hands-free driving

!  Vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication

!  In-motion wireless power transfer

!  Variety of business models to support mobility

Fuel Economy Benefits Additional amenities + savings

Low barriers to deployment

!  Efficient driving route selection

!  Improved drive-cycle smoothing

!  Traffic signal timing coordination

!  Vehicle“platooning”

!  Parking space location

!  Stationary wireless power transfer

!  Automated vehicle“valet” parking and retrieval

Image by NREL

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-­‐1   -­‐0.8   -­‐0.6   -­‐0.4   -­‐0.2   0   0.2   0.4   0.6   0.8   1  

Fuel  Intensity   Energy  Intensity   Use  Intensity  

Efficient driving

Efficient routing

Travel by underserved

Drive cycle smoothing

Faster travel

More travel

Lightweighting & vehicle powertrain optimization

Less hunting for parking

Enabling electrification

Positive Energy Outcomes Negative Energy Outcomes

Higher occupancy

Platooning

Connectivity and Automation – A Range of Energy Impacts

Source:  Brown  and  Gonder  (2014)  Na<onal  Renewable  Energy  Laboratory,  

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

Thank You

Alex Schroeder alex.schroeder@nrel.gov

Learn more at www.nrel.gov/transportation