shades of green update j.p. blackford the george washington university school of engineering and...
Post on 02-Jan-2016
217 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Shades of Green Update
J.P. BlackfordThe George Washington University
School of Engineering and Applied ScienceDEED Intern
Shades of Green Update – Agenda
• What’s New
• Where we are in 2005 – the Update
• Proposed New Additions
• Where do we go from here??
Shades of Green – What’s New?
• Biggest change from 2001 Shades– Non-Utility Generators
Generating Capacity by Sector
4% 7%
39%
10%
40% Co-Ops
Federal
IOUs
Public Power
Non-Utilities
Shades of Green – The UpdateGenerating Capacity Mix by Utility Sector -- Current
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Coal
Gas
Oil
Nuclear
Hydro
Other
Percentage of Capacity
Non-Utility
Co-Ops
IOUs
Public Power
• Public Power still leads the way with hydro and has the second lowest coal generation
• Non-Utility Generators have very high Natural Gas generation
Renewable Capcity
• Public Power’s position remained very strong, but showed no significant growth (but, neither did IOUs or Co-Ops).
• Vast majority of renewables are Hydro
Renewable Capacity by Utility Sector
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utility
Per
cen
tag
e o
f C
apac
ity
A bit more on Renewables…
• We lead the way with Hydro
• We fall behind on non-hydro renewables to the Non-Utility generators
Hydroelectric Capacity by Utility Sector
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utility
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
Ca
pa
cit
y
Non-Hydro Renewable Capacity by Utility Sector
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
3.00%
3.50%
4.00%
4.50%
5.00%
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utility
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
Ca
pa
cit
y
Fossil Fuel Mix -- Capacity
• PP uses less coal than all but Non-Utility• PP uses more oil than the others• But, the fuel mix isn’t really all that significant…
Fuel Mix of Fossil Fuel Capacity by Utility Type
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utility
Gas
Oil
Coal
Fossil Fuel Mix -- Generation
• PP has significant non-utilized gas capacity– Peaking units are gas-fired– This is a snap-shot of one year
• PP coal generation has declined, IOUs increased, Co-Ops remained steady
Fossil Fuel Generation by Utility Sector and Fuel Type
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utility
Per
cen
t o
f G
ener
atio
n
Gas
Oil
Coal
Operating Coal Capacity Age
• Obviously, plants have gotten older, so the graphs show that change…
Operating Coal Capacity by Age and Utility Type
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
0-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
over 40
Age
of B
oile
r, y
ears
Percent of Capacity
Non-Util
Co-Ops
IOUs
Public Power
Emissions – Sulfur Dioxide
• PP retains its rank as the lowest Sulfur Dioxide emissions
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions, 2003
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
1.000
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utiltiy
Lb
s/M
MB
TU
Emissions – Nitrogen Oxides
• PP is still lower than IOUs and Co-Ops, but, is higher than Non-Utility Generators
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions, 2003
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utiltiy
Lbs/
MM
BTU
Emissions – Carbon DioxideBased on Capacity
• We’ve improved!• But, the Non-Utility generators emissions are
lower than ours.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2003
0.000
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utiltiy
Lb
s/M
MB
TU
Emissions – Carbon DioxideBased on Generation
Carbon Dioxide Emissions per MWh Generated
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Public Power IOU Co-Ops Non-Utility
Em
issi
on
s R
ate
(CO
2/M
Wh
)
• The trend between PP, IOUs and Co-Ops remains the same, but, Non-Utilities are slightly better than PP
Hydroelectric Capacity
• PP still has approximately 4 times the hydro capacity as IOUs
Hydroelectric Capacity by Utility Sector
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utility
Per
cen
tag
e o
f C
apac
ity
Non-Hydro Renewables
• Non-Utility Generators have significantly more non-hydro renewables.
• PP has increased its non-hydro capacity (by about 20%), while IOU capacity decreased and co-ops remained nearly the same
Non-Hydro Renewable Capacity by Utility Sector
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
3.00%
3.50%
4.00%
4.50%
5.00%
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utility
Per
cen
tag
e o
f C
apac
ity
DSM
• Same general trend, though PP spending did decrease.
DSM Spending as a Percent of Retail Revenue
0.00%
0.10%
0.20%
0.30%
0.40%
0.50%
0.60%
0.70%
0.80%
PP IOUs Co-Ops
Landfill Gas
Currently:• 370 LFGE projects already
exist and another 200 are under development
• In 2003, these projects removed over 17.7 MMTCE of methane annually, which equates to removing emissions equivalent to 14.3 million cars, planting 19.3 million acres of forest, or preventing the use of 152 million barrels of oil.
Previously:• 317 LFGE projects existed and
another 54 are under construction
Landfill gas may prove to be more significant since new EPA data shows that the heat trapping potential of methane is 23 times as strong as carbon dioxide – this is up from 21.
What’s New??
Zero Emissions Capacity
• This counts Hydro and Nuclear.
• PP clearly leads the way in these generating technologies that have no emissions
Zero Emissions Capacity
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Cooperative Investor-Owned Public Power Non-UtilityGenerators
Per
cent
age
of C
apac
ity
Mercury
• Graph considers Fossil Fuel generation only.
• PP has significantly lower mercury emissions than the other generators.
Mercury Emission Rate for Fossil Fuel Generation
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops Non-Utility
mg/
MM
Btu
Green Pricing
• PP has significantly more utilities offering green pricing programs to their customers
Number of Utilities Offering Green Pricing Programs in 2003
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops
Num
ber o
f Util
ities
Green Pricing – Continued
• PP average green pricing premium is less than IOUs or Co-Ops.
• This is misleading, though, due to IOU solar programs which have significantly higher premiums.
• Looking at the median, the premiums are similar…
Average Green Pricing Premium
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Public Power IOUs Co-Ops
cent
s/kW
h
Renewable Portfolio Standards
Disclaimers– Hydro may or may not be counted in all of the state RPS standards– Some figures are misleading due to limited PP presence in some states– Credit may or may not be given for existing renewables in the proposed RPS
Why are we Green?
Things we really can’t control:
• Location– We’ve got a lot of Hydro capacity due to
where we’re generating our power (Pacific NW, for instance)
• Age– We got into the generation side later, so our
plants are newer, and therefore cleaner
Still…
Conclusions
• We’re still greener than the IOUs and Co-Ops…
• That’s great, but, it poses a bigger question:
Where do we go from here?
• How do we want to proceed on the Shades of Green Update
• Case Studies
• Small Member Contributions
The “spin” on the Update
• We’re still Green, but look at what we’re doing to become even greener…– Case Studies (more on that soon…)
• Policy Pressures that PP will be facing– GHG intensity– RPS– Others?
• Opportunities for PP– Landfill Gas – Anything Else?
Case Studies
• We want to show that while PP is green, we’re trying to be greener:– Tree Power– Holland (MI) mercury thermometer and
industrial switch program– Others??
• These are likely programs that we’re not getting credit for elsewhere!
Small Member Contributions
• How can we collect what our smaller (<25 MWh) generators are doing?– Most are exempt from reporting– Voluntary reporting may be too burdensome
for smaller generators
Anything else?
• Other items to include in the update to Shades of Green
• Questions?• Comments / Suggestions?
J.P. Blackfordjpblackford@appanet.org
202-467-2985
top related