shade grown coffee

Faculty of Geosciences

Shade grown coffeeDouble dividend for biodiversity and small-scale farmers in Peru

Pita Verweij

& Rosalien Jezeer

Utrecht University,Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development

Faculty of Geosciences

Research on biodiversity-friendly business

Small to medium scale enterprises in the global South:

can generate biodiversity benefits and socio-economic benefits There is a business case for

biodiversity-friendly enterprises

Research into agro-commodity chains:• oil palm, soy, sugarcane, cocoa

How to safeguard biodiversity in these chains

Faculty of Geosciences

Local development & conservation

Conversion of shade-grown coffee into full-sun monoculture is a worldwide trend

• Assumption of higher productivity, better economic performance

• A fair comparison of both systems requires full cost-benefit analysis

Objective of our study:

Gain more insight into the business case of shaded coffee systems and its relation with biodiversity performance

Faculty of Geosciences

Case study: Coffee systems in PeruEconomic performance • Productivity• Costs & benefits• LaborFarmer surveys (n=154)

Biodiversity and ecosystem services• Vegetation• Butterflies• Carbon, micro-climate, soilFieldwork measurements (n=49)

Landscape characteristics• Relations with forest• InfrastructureGIS analysis

Local expert workshops

Protected area

Deforestation 2001-2012

Deforestation < 2001

Faculty of Geosciences

Economic performance: costs

Conventional Agroforestry0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800 Labor costs (€/ha)

Faculty of Geosciences

Costs: labor and inputs

Conventional Agroforestry0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800Labor, hired #REF!

Conventional Agroforestry0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500 Fertilizer, input

Pest Control, input

Weed control input

Equipment

Land

Faculty of Geosciences

Costs: labor and inputs

Conventional Agroforestry0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800Labor, Hired #REF!

Conventional Agroforestry0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500 Fertilizer, input

Pest Control, input

Weed control input

Equipment

Land

Faculty of Geosciences

Benefits - income from other products

€ 122,48 /ha per year

Conventional

€ 646,67 /ha per year

Agroforestry

• Fruits, firewood, livestock, timber

• Timber has large potential

Faculty of Geosciences

Net revenue

Conventional Agroforestry €-

€500

€1,000

€1,500

€2,000

Income outside farm

Timber

Livestock

Firewood

Platano and Yuca

Coffee income

Inco

me

(€/y

ear)• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator• Quality• Market access • Certification

Faculty of Geosciences

Net revenue

Conventional Agroforestry €-

€500

€1,000

€1,500

€2,000

Income outside farm

Timber

Livestock

Firewood

Platano and Yuca

Coffee income

Inco

me

(€/y

ear)• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator• Quality• Market acces • Certification• Diversification

Faculty of Geosciences

Net revenue

Conventional Agroforestry €-

€500

€1,000

€1,500

€2,000

Income outside farm

Timber

Livestock

Firewood

Platano and Yuca

Coffee incomeInco

me

(€/y

ear)

• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator• Quality• Market acces • Certification• Diversification• Timber revenues

Faculty of Geosciences

Butterfly species richness

Conventional Agroforestry Forest02468

101214161820

Unidentified

Open habitat, gen-eralists

Forest habitat specialists

but

terfl

y sp

ecie

s ri

chne

ss

Faculty of Geosciences

Butterfly species richness

Conventional Agroforestry Forest02468

101214161820

Unidentified

but

terfl

y sp

ecie

s ri

chne

ss

Faculty of Geosciences

Ecosystem services

Biodiversity ↓ ↑Carbon stocks

Micro-climate controlNutrients: soil nitrogen content

Faculty of Geosciences

Key insights

Improved productivity and diversification of income

Market access For coffee, but also other products Certification

Enabling environment Technical assistance Incentives

Ecosystem Services Resilience to pests and diseases Climate mitigation & adaptation

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Though many challenges ahead:Coffee agroforestry does provide a double dividend for farmers and nature

Contact: Pita Verweij and Rosalien Jezeer P.A.Verweij@uu.nl R.E.Jezeer@uu.nl

Evidence for the agroforestry business case

Faculty of Geosciences

Less pest incidence with higher forest cover within a radius of 1 km

Landscape level

Mitigation of pests and diseases: Transfer of knowledge, technical assistance and awareness raising

Faculty of Geosciences

Other ecosystem services

Conventional Shaded organic Forest0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00 Carbon sequestration

Carb

on (

T/ha

)

Faculty of Geosciences

Micro-climate control

Conventional Shaded Organic24

24.525

25.526

26.527

27.528

Air temperature (°C)

Conventional Shaded Organic6870727476788082

Air humidity (%)

Faculty of Geosciences

Synthesis Results

Coffee yield ++ +Income from other products +/- ++

Costs - +Net income +/- +/-

Net income + timber +/- ++Biodiversity - ++

Other ES - +