september 20, 2011 (d-day) agenda: 1.bellwork 2.finish notes- characteristics of living things...

September 20, 2011 (D-day)

Agenda:1.Bellwork2.Finish notes- characteristics of living things 3.Classwork4.Go over quiz

Homework

Read pages 16-22• Answer questions 1 to 4 & “Connecting

Concepts”• Complete sentences on a separate sheet of

paper. UNIT TEST (This Friday, 9/23)Unit 1: The Science of Biology (including lab

safety/equipment)

Chapter 1: Section 1-3Studying Life

Biology: the study of life-the science that seeks to understand the

natural world.Characteristics of Living ThingsWhat makes something “living”?

Examples) Living: ___________________Non-living: ________________

1. Made up of CellsAll living things, or organisms, are made up of

tiny units called cells.

• Cell: basic unit of structure & function. -a collection of living matter with a

barrier that separates it from its surroundings.

- cells can grow, respond to their surroundings, and

reproduce.

Unicellular: made of only one cellExamples)

Multicellular: made of many cellsExamples)

protozoa

a house plant

2. ReproduceAll organisms produce new organisms through

reproduction.

Two basic types1. Sexual reproduction: 2 cells from different

parents join & produce first cell of new organism.

2. Asexual reproduction: the new organism comes from one parent (either by dividing in half or growing a new portion that splits off)

3. Based on a Genetic CodeAll living organisms inherit traits.

DNA: the molecule that has the directions for inheritance.

• Asexual reproduction offspring are identical to parents.

• Sexual reproduction offspring are different (combined traits) but same type of organism.

Example) flies produce flies, dandelions produce dandelions, etc.

4. Grow and DevelopLiving things may increase in size and develop.

-Unicellular organism grow

-Multicellular organisms grow and develop.

• Growth: the process of becoming larger.

• Development: the process of change in which an organism becomes more complex.

5. Need Materials and EnergyAn organism uses energy and materials to grow,

develop, and reproduce.

• Metabolism: the combination of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism.

• All organisms take in needed materials (nutrients, water, air) but obtain energy in different ways.

• Autotrophs: use energy to produce their own food. Example) Plants

• Heterotrophs: must consume food to get energy. Example) humans, animals

• Decomposers: get energy from eating organisms that have died. Example) vultures, flies (maggots)

6. Respond to the EnvironmentAll living things have the ability to respond to stimuli

in their environments.

• Stimulus: a signal to which an organism responds (plural: stimuli).

• Response: the reaction to a stimulus.

Example) shivering on a cold day

7. Maintain Internal Balance

• Homeostasis: regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival.

Example) Humans maintain a constant body temperature.

• Homeostasis involves feedback mechanisms.

8. Evolution

Evolution: change in a kind of organism over a long period of time.

• Important for survival because the world is always changing.

• Groups of organisms must be able to adapt and evolve.

Summary of the 8 Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristic Example

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