senior seminar fall 2008 isp 4860 section 002 (bowen) class 11, april 1 course web site:

Senior Seminar Fall 2008ISP 4860

Section 002 (Bowen)

Class 11, April 1Course web site: www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW09

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 2

Agenda

• Late / returned / future assignments• Content:

Economic Crisis Sustainability Review Consumption and Waste

• Writing Sentences for Discussion Grammar

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 3

New Course resources• http://www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSe

mW09 Chinese not as aggressive in foreign

development World’s poor suffer most in recession: Haiti Penguins affected by global warming and

other aspects of human footprint

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 4

Assignments Coming Up

• Past due Choice of topic 11(*)/13 Chapter 1 planner 8/13 List of references 8/13 Draft for Chapter 1 6/13 Draft for Chapters 2 and 3 1/13 and 2/13 Revised Chapter 1 4/13 Revised Chapters 2 and 3

• Today, Drafts of Chapters 4 and 5

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 5

Assignments Coming Up

• One week, April 8: Nothing due (catch up)• Two weeks, April 15: Final paper• Three weeks, April 22: Oral report.

Last class meeting

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 6

Research portfolio

• One more self-assessment 4/8, including my assessment

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 7

Assignment Status• I am getting worried about a pile-up at the

end Not concerned about people who are a few

days late I will not be able to review drafts that come

piling in at the end People who are very late will not have time to

do a good job Grades for these people may be delayed Reminder – a component of the course grade

comes for getting assignments in on time

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 8

Class Notes: Table of Contents

Topic Class Topic Class

Overview 1 Ecosystem 5

Population 2Energy andGlob. Wrmg

8

Urbanization 3 Sustainability 10

Developm’ntAnd Disease

11ConsumptionAnd Waste

4 & 11

Food / Fish 6 Land 12

Water 7Tragedy of Commons

9

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 9

Economic Crisis

• Obama actions on GM, Chrysler Said to feel that pre-arranged bankruptcy is

best outcome• Unions and bondholders have to accept less• Medical care and retirement aspects of safety net

will need repairing Housing prices fell again over most of US Boats being abandoned by owners

• Some are mortgaged• Feeling that most are paid for, owners cannot

afford maintenance, used-boat market saturated

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 10

Economic Crisis

• Stock market still indicating optimism Auto sales down, but somewhat less than

expected Housing sales up (even though, or because)

prices are down Institute for Supply Management tracks

factory utilization – their index rose for third straight month

Negative influece: bankruptcy for GM?

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 11

Economic Crisis• International trade has fallen faster and

further that economies of individual countries Recovery plans are national Especially harmful to underdeveloped

countries May hinder recovery

• Economy: a complicated system that we do not understand

• Without knowing what is wrong, we don’t know how to fix it.

• Ditto for the ecosystem!

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 12

Fossil Fuels

• Two positions:1. We will continue using fossil fuels

We have plenty They can be cleaned up

2. We should move away from fossil fuels We are running out There is no such thing as clean coal and they are

all dirty Conservation and renewable energy will be the

new economy, so let’s get started

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 13

Fossil Fuels

Sustainability Review

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 15

Sustainability• Needed for a sustainable future:

Population stability Lower environmental impact per person

• Conservation• New methods

Food and water supplies More even distribution of health and economic

development• Need an integrated (interdisciplinary)

approach• Coordinate different approaches, e.g. for-

profit and non-profit

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 16

Sustainability

• Health Infectious diseases (“vector-borne”) still not

controlled in poor world• Some treatments very inexpensive• Economic development important for others

Diseases once under control in rich world re-emerging due to obesity, lack of exercise, poor diet

• Diabetes, cardio-vascular• Avoidance of vaccination (DB)

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 17

Sustainability• Climate Change (= Global Warming)

Must eventually reduce worldwide carbon emissions to a small fraction of today’s

Will require international cooperation Will it be a burden or an opportunity? Methods:

• Technical: conservation, low-carbon sources (e.g. ethanol, nuclear, solar), sequestration, geoengineering, virtual/digital

• Economic: green business, cap and trade, incentives

May need them all

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 18

DB

• Food/fish: eat lower on food chain, must make this acceptable

• Water: conservation, more treatment, suit quality to use Pricing to conserve, or is it a right? On Green Inc blog – using wastewater for

powerplant cooling• Ecosystem: be more cautious for now,

need to learn more, and quickly “End of carbon era” may help

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 19

DB• Health

Conflict between market-based solutions and services for poor countries, e.g. for AIDS drugs

In rich countries, work on lifestyle

• Economic development important for improvements in poor world (health, food, water) Education How to get really poor countries “off the

ground?”• Agency

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 20

DB

• Consumption and Waste Reduce, recycle, reuse Biodegradable products Lifecycle design

• Urbanization Improve rural life Development Property rights for urban poor

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 21

DB

• Population Economic rights for women Economic development Education

Consumption and Waste

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 23

State of the Planet

• Not much material – Pp 161 - 165

• Concentrate on supplying non-substitutable goods – not substitutes available Food, water, air

• Substitutable: margarine for butter

• Turnover of goods and services is considered an indicator of progress

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 24

Planet in Peril

• Volume of packaging is growing

• Products with short lives (disposables)

• Landfills filling up

• More international transport of wastes Statistics very incomplete Most wastes sent to Africa, then Asia

• Shipbreaking

Dangerous and polluting

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 25

The Ship Breakers Of Bangladesh• CBS News 11/5/06

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 26

Planet in Peril

• Products becoming more complex Layers of incompatible plastics for containers Harder to recycle

• Conventions: Basel (1980 - international transport of

hazardous wastes) London (1996 – dumping at sea) Rotterdam (1998 – chemical exports) Stockholm (2001 – persistent organic

pollutants)

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 27

State of the World

• Corporations better at finding uses for what used to be called waste

• BUT We use one-half trillion tons of stuff per year Less than 1% is still in use after 6 months

• “Factor Four,” “Factor Ten” – goals for reduction in use of resources

• Incandescent light fluorescent LED• Get used to less stuff (DB: ?)

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 28

Sustainability

• Reduce, reuse, recycle

• Often less expensive to buy new than to recycle Mass methods in buying new, hand methods

in recycling

• Building in recycling when a product is designed

Development and Disease

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 30

Planet in Peril

• Wide national disparities in health Japanese 85 yrs expectancy, Zimbabwe 36 Sub-Saharan Africa, Former Soviet Union

• “Big three” diseases: HIV/AIDS 8,000 per day, TB 6,000, malnourishment 3,000

• Reasons for disparities: High cost of drugs and research Pressure against using generics Fiscal pressures to curtail social services in

developing countries

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 31

State of the Planet

• Developing countries suffer from infectious diseases Often transmitted by water and parasitic

worms Many new pathogens e.g. Ebola, HIV, Nipah

virus• Developed countries: obesity,

cardiovascular disease• Coordinated approach needed

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 32

Plan B 3.0

• Failed states a problem for health care• Biggest worldwide problems: AIDS,

diarrhea, respiratory illness, TB, malaria, measles, child mortality

• Safe water, sewage (water-free)• Success against diarrheal dehydration

with simple rehydration adding salt and sugar to water

• Aid for immunization is cost-effective

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 33

Plan B 3.0

• Polio virtually eradicated by campaign against vaccination claiming it was a US infertility program. This could spread.

• Carter foundation success against guinea worm disease – filtration of drinking water

• World campaign against smoking• WHO study said simple local clinics would

be a good investment

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 34

Plan B 3.0

• Prevention through education best route for countering HIV Focus on specific groups: long-distance truck

drivers, sex workers (interactions) Condom distribution very cost-efficient Good national models: Uganda and Senegal Availability of treatment shown to increase

numbers getting tested

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 35

Economic Development

• Present model for prosperity, based on consumption, does not seem to be sustainable Especially if developing world becomes

prosperous• Would have to increase all consumption by

between five and ten times – food, cloth, water, energy, lumber, steel

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 36

Economic Development

• Some suggestions about what we could substitute for at least some of our material consumption: Learning and knowledge Experiences Virtual goods

• Conservation could also help – of energy, water, etc.

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 37

Economic Development

• What about underdeveloped countries? Many things have been tried Microloans – very small loans to poor people

• Example: cell phone for a village. They can know what market price is for crops, drive a better bargain with their regional buyer

• Example: sewing machine for local seamstress to increase output, hire workers

• Repayment history is good Education and real democracy important Current trends are not good

Writing

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 39

Definitions

Definitions, Senior Essay, Winter 2009 Sovereign Wealth Fund Profits accumulating to a countryAlbedo Fraction of solar radiation that is reflectedAnthropogenic Due to human activityArable Farmable, fertileBiodiversity Having a wide range of speciesCommons Area where costs are shared but gain is privateEcosystem Services Services and materials supplied to humans by natureEnvironmental Services Cleaning up after human activityHectare 10,000 square meters 2.5 US acresPotable Safe for drinkingSocial Capital The value of functioning organizations and customsSolvent (financially) Assets exceed liabilitiesSustainability Not using more than Nature can replenishTonne Metric ton, 1000 kilograms 2200 poundsTyphoon Hurricane

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 40

Writing #1

• Grammar Review Sentence: Subject, verb, complete thought

• Problem: fragment (incomplete sentence)• Runon: two sentences butted together incorrectly

Who’s Vs whose Every day Vs everyday It’s Vs its Do Vs due Hyphen to join words in compound adjective

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 41

Writing #2

• List of sentences

• Discuss / correct sentences

• I will type corrections under each one and post on course web site for your reference.

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 42

Writing #3

• Four small groups

• Answer questions from cards

• Answer goes on separate paper

• Report is names plus answers

• Done when report is in

4/1/09 Senior Seminar W09, Class 11 43

Writing #4

• Second paragraph sheet