semantic web technologies for automatic service composition
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Semantic Web Technologies for
Service Composition
Dragan Gašević
Athabasca University
Email: dgasevic@acm.org
(How) Are
semantic technologies
related to
service composition?
Topics to discuss about
� Semantic Web and Ontologies
� Semantic Web Services
� Development of Service Compositions
� Conclusion
Part I
Ontologies and MDE
- Basics -
Semantic Web
To create a universal medium for the exchange of data.
… to smoothly interconnect
personal information management,
enterprise application integration and
the global sharing of
commercial, scientific and cultural data.
Semantic Web Activity Statementhttp://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity
< musician: Musician rdf:ID="urn:rdf:969914d5ca929194ea18787de32c665a-1"> … <musician:name>Eric Clapton</musician:name> <musician:records rdf:resource = "http://www.guitar.org/legendaryrecordings/EC#urn:rdf:958804d5ca918084ea17676de21c887a-0"/> … </musician:Musician>
Musician
Album
Event
plays
plays at
attends
records
Admirer
Instrument
musician:records
rdf:type rdf:type
<album: Album rdf:ID="urn:rdf:958804d5ca918084ea17676de21c887a-0"> … <album:title>Unplugged</album:title> <album:year>1992</album:year> … </album:Album>
RDF
What is an ontology?
� Important definition (Hendler, 2001)
� a set of knowledge terms, including
� vocabulary
� semantic interconnections
� some simple rules of inference and
logic for some particular topic
Semantic Web
� Ontologies: Interconnecting applications
� Shared domain conceptualizations
Ontology languages
enable reasoning!Not ontologies themselves.
� Logic-based foundation and reasoning
� No agreement about reasoning entailment
Part II
Semantic Web Services
Semantic Web Services
Syntax Syntax
Semantic WebRDF(S), OWL, WSML
Web Services
UDDI, WSDL, SOAP
WebHTML, HTTP
Semantic
Web Services
Computation
Content
� Envisioned evolution of the Web
Automation of service discovery,
composition, invocation, and
monitoring
http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d17/v0.2/
Semantic Web Services
� SWS descriptions languages
� Semantic Annotations for WSDL
and XML Schema (SAWSDL)
� Web Service Semantics (WSDL-S)
� W3C Submissions
� Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S)
� Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO)
� Semantic Web Service Ontology (SWSO)
Recommendation
SAWSDL : An extension of WSDL
<Operation>
<Output1>
Web service 1
<Input1>
<Operation>
<Output2>
Web service 2
<Input2>
Composition
SAWSDL
<Operation>
<Input1>
<Output1>
Service Template
Operation:buyTicket
Input1:
TravelDetails
Output1:
Confirmation
Annotations
Publish
Search
Semantic UDDIOperation:cancel Ticket
Input1:TravelDetails
Output1:Confirmation
http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/meteor-s/wsdl-s/WSDL-S-W3C-ppt.ppt
A Conceptual
Model for SWS
A Formal Language for WSMO
A Rule-based Language for SWS
Execution Environment
for WSMO
Web Service Modeling Ontology
http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d17/v0.2/
Current State
� Automation of service
� Discovery
� WSMO-MX, OWLS-MX, SAWSDL-MX – DFKI
� iMatcher – based on iSPARQL
� Composition
� IRS, WSMO Studio
� Invocation
� Monitoring
How do we develop
compositions?
Part III
Service Compositions in
Development Processes
End-user development: AMICOhttp://amico.sourceforge.net/
End-user Development: AMICO
Sequence
Sequence f
Parallel Split
Exclusive choice
f
Simple merge
http://amico.sourceforge.net/
End-user development
Sequence
Sequence f
Parallel Split
Exclusive choice
f
Simple merge
Google maps (with AJAX HTTP connection to AMICO)
http://amico.sourceforge.net/
Not quite Semantic Web!
� But, some very useful lessons learned
� No discovery – variable names
� Ontologies and discovery engines
� Mediation is still a problem
Compositions are
part of end-user apps
� User interaction and user tasks are involved
Linked Data
http://linkeddata.org/static/images/lod-datasets_2009-03-05-scaled.png
Linked Data
SPARLQ end points are
already services
They enable semantic-rich data mash-ups
http://linkeddata.org/static/images/lod-datasets_2009-03-05-scaled.png
Potluck
David F. Huynh, Robert C. Miller, David R. Karger: Potluck: Data mash-up tool for casual users. J. Web Sem. 6(4): 274-282 (2008)
From [Huynh et al, 2008]
Potluck
From [Huynh et al, 2008]
David F. Huynh, Robert C. Miller, David R. Karger: Potluck: Data mash-up tool for casual users. J. Web Sem. 6(4): 274-282 (2008)
Composing Services: WebML
� Start from business processes (in BPMN)
Marco Brambilla, Stefano Ceri, Irene Celino, Dario Cerizza, Emanuele Della Valle, Federico Michele Facca, Andrea Turati, Christina Tziviskou: Experiences in the Design of Semantic Services Using Web Engineering Methods and Tools. J. Data
Semantics 11: 1-31 (2008)
From [Brambilla et al, 2008]
Composing Services: WebML
� End-users interact with discovery engines
� Mediation another key challenge
Marco Brambilla, Stefano Ceri, Irene Celino, Dario Cerizza, Emanuele Della Valle, Federico Michele Facca, Andrea Turati,
Christina Tziviskou: Experiences in the Design of Semantic Services Using Web Engineering Methods and Tools. J. Data
Semantics 11: 1-31 (2008)
From [Brambilla et al, 2008]
Software
Language Engineering
� Language design and transformations
Context-awareness
� Challenges
� User modeling – preferences, goals, etc.
� Learning from experience of other users
Families of Service Compositions
� Domain engineering
� Feature modeling
� Annotation of features
� Services discovery
Families of Service Compositions
� Application Engineering
� Description logic-based staged configuration
� User functional and non-functional requirements
� Combining with soft-requirements – fuzzy DL
� Transforming configuration into WSMO
� Run-time adaptation
Semantic techs can be
useful for automation� But, better understanding is needed
� Applications vs. service compositions
� Service-oriented app. lifecycles
� Adaptivity of service-oriented applications
� Software languages are needed
3rd International Conference on
Software Language Engineering
http://planet-sl.org/sle2010/
Thank you!
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