selecting the right respiratory equipment...© 3m 2019 #3mscienceofsafety | 1 selecting the right...
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12019© 3M #3MScienceofSafety |
Selecting the right respiratory equipment
Mark ReggersOccupational Hygienist/Senior Application Engineer 3M ANZ Personal Safety Division
Travis AllenDirector
Allens Industrial
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Hazard Control Hierarchy
Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Engineering Controls
Administrative
Controls
PPE
Most effective
Least effective
Physically remove hazard
Replace the hazard
Separate the hazard from the worker
LEV. Wet work methods
Change working practices, Housekeeping
Protect the worker with PPE• Last Measure of Control• Used as a short term solution• Used as a sustained measure
What does the first P in PPE stand for?
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Selecting a Respirator
• Selection is a crucial part of a complete respiratory
protection program as required by AS/NZS 1715
• Based on the results of a hazard assessment
• It is the PCBU’s responsibility to do the exposure
assessment and select suitable respirators
• AS/NZS 1715 “Selection, use & maintenance of
Respiratory Protective Equipment”
• AS/NZS 1716 “Respiratory Protective Devices”
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Identify the Hazard
79% other gases
(Mostly Nitrogen)
~21%
O2
Breathable quality air
Oxygen deficientif < 19.5% oxygen
Particulates Gases & Vapours Oxygen deficiency
Dust
Mist
Fume
Fibers
Biological
Gas
Vapours
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Select Adequate Respirator
• P1 for mechanically generated particles
• eg silica, wood dust
• P2 for mechanically & thermally
generated particles
• e.g. metal fumes & smokes
• P3 for all particulates including highly
toxic materials
• e.g. beryllium
AS/NZS 1715 Test aerosol size 0.3-0.6µm
AS/NZS 1716 Particulate Filter Ratings
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Types of Gas Filter – AS/NZS 1716
A & AX - Organic Vapour
B - Acid Gases
E - Sulphur dioxide SO2
G - low vapour pressure organic vapours
K - Ammonia
Hg - Mercury
MB - Methyl Bromide
Others
Capacity
Rating
3
2
1
Aus
Increasing
capacityThere is not a gas and vapourcartridge for every gas and vapourfound in the workplace e.g. Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide
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Different Types of Respiratory Protective Equipment
Air Purifying Respirators (Negative pressure)
Powered Air Purifying Respirators PAPR(Positive pressure)
Supplied Air Respirators(Positive pressure)
Breathing ApparatusBA or SCBA(Positive Pressure)
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Positive Pressure Respirators
Respirators that rely
on air flow through
the headtop and
have a loose fit to
the face e.g. helmets
and hoods or
attached to a full
face
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Respiratory Protection Factors
Ci
Co
Co = Protection
factorCi
Removes particles/gas & vapour from the air by breathing through some form of filter or cartridge.
Leakage can occur through- Filter- Valves- Gaps between face and respirator
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Full face with P3
PAPR with Full face and P3
Supplied Air with full face
AS/NZS 1715 Particulate Minimum Required Protection Factors (MRPF)
MRPF up
to 100
MRPF 100+
MRPF up
to 50
MRPF
up to 10In
cre
asin
g P
rote
ction F
acto
r
Disposable and Half Face Refer AS/NZS 1715 for full table
Full face with P2
PAPR with loose fitting head tops
Based on the wearer being clean shaven, fit tested and trained
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Protection Factor Respirator Selection
Workplace
Exposure Standard
(WES) Note: Not to Scale
x10 Protection
Factor
x50 Protection
Factor
x100
Protection
Factor
Nuisance Level
Up to 10 MRPF - Disposable, Half Face
masks with any filter, PAPR with P1
Up to 50 MRPF - Full Face with P2, PAPR P2
with any head covering or full face, PAPR P3
with any head covering
Up to 100 MRPF - Full Face with P3, PAPR P2
with any head top or full face
100+ MRPF - PAPR P3 with full face, full face with
positive pressure or continuous flow, head covering
with continuous flow
Required MRPF from AS/NZS 1715
8 x WES
30 x WES
70 x WES
120 x WES
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Australian Silica Workplace Exposure Standard
Workplace
Exposure
Standard (WES)
Note: Not to
Scale
x10 Protection Factor
x50 Protection Factor
x100 Protection
Factor
Nuisance Level
Up to 10 MRPF - Disposable, Half Face masks with
any filter, PAPR with P1
Up to 50 MRPF - Full Face with P2, PAPR P2
with any head covering or full face, PAPR P3
with any head covering
Up to 100 MRPF - Full Face with P3, PAPR P2 with
any head top or full face
100+ MRPF - PAPR P3 with full face, full face with positive
pressure or continuous flow, head covering with continuous
flow
Current WES
1 mg/m3
5 mg/m3
10 mg/m3
Required MRPF from AS/NZS 1715
0.1
mg/m3
Proposed SWA WES
0.2
mg/m3
1 mg/m3
2 mg/m3
0.02
mg/m3
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Factors Affecting Fit
All tight fitting respirators (full or half face respirators) rely on an effective
face seal to provide the expected protection.
Design &
Maintenance
Fitting skill
Training
MakeupDental Work
Facial Hair
Other PPE
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All wearers must be clean shaven when wearing any close fitting respiratory including when being fit tested
Studies have shown that the presence
of facial hair significantly reduces the
expected levels of protection
• Face seal leakage increases from 20
times to 1000 times in the presence
of facial hair¹
• At least a 330 fold drop in protection
was experienced by bearded
wearers²
¹Facial Hair and respirator fit: a review of literature, Stobbe et al 1988
²Effect of facial hair on the face seal of negative pressure respirators,
Skretvedt & Loschiavo 1984
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Facial Hair
Disposable &
Half Face (Positive & Negative pressure)
Full Face(Positive & Negative
pressure)
Loose Fitting
Facepiece Positive pressure
Hood or
HelmetPositive pressure
Full Beard Trimmed Beard Mustache Clean Shaven
?
?
http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/PPESafetySolutions/PPESafety/Personal_Protective_Equipment/Respirators/ReusableRespirators/http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/PPESafetySolutions/PPESafety/Personal_Protective_Equipment/Respirators/DisposableRespirators/http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/PPESafetySolutions/PPESafety/Personal_Protective_Equipment/Respirators/PoweredSuppliedAir/
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Purpose of a fit test is to find a mask that fits you!!
If you don’t pass a fit test, it means that is not the respirator for you.
Find a mask that does fit you
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Fit Testing – Not a new concept
• Ensure the respirator provides adequate face to facepiece seal
• Better fit=improve protection
https://research.archives.gov/id/46905
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Fit Testing Options
• Tight fitting disposable and
reusable half face pieces only
• Cost effective
• Portable
• Power source not required
• No calibration
• Subjective (relies on sensory
detection)
Qualitative
• Tight fitting disposable,
reusable half & full face
pieces
• Portable (limitations)
• Cost prohibitive
• Power source
• Annual calibration
required
• Generates reports
Quantitative
Ambient Particle
Counter
Controlled Negative
Pressure (CNP)
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What is involved in a fit test?
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Colton, C., Filtering facepieces: Study
supports need for fit testing. 3M Job
Health Highlights Volume 17, Number
2, 1999.
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Who can conduct fit testing ?Competent person’s abilities (ISO 16975-3:2017)
✓ Inspect a facepiece
✓ Preparation of facepiece
✓ Pre-use checks
✓ Correctly fit facepiece
✓ Recognise poor fit
✓ FF / APF / MRPF
✓ RPE selection
✓ Purpose of a fit test
✓ Quantitative vs qualitative
✓ Capabilities and
limitations
✓ How to perform fit test
✓ Diagnostic checks
✓ Interpret results
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Training on the use of Respirators
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Putting on and removing
Getting a good fit
Maintenance procedures
Storage
Limitations of use
The need for protection
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Wear Time
Mask/
Filter
Fit
Actual Protection Factor Level
+
+
=
100%? 75%? 25%? Not at all?
Disposable? Half Face? Full Face?Particulate - P1, P2, P3?G/V – A, B, E, K, Hg?PAPR – Headtop?Supplied Air?
Can it fit?Is it worn correctly?Clean shaven?Other PPE?
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Level of Protection?
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AdequateFilter?Protection Factor Required?
SuitableComfort?Compatibility with other PPE?Facial Hair?Fit?Thermal load?Communication?
Will it be worn?How long will it be worn?
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Conclusion
• Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) can be very
effective in protecting workers from airborne
contaminants. However, the effectiveness of the
RPE relies on:
• Correct selection of RPE for type and level of
contaminant
• The respirator fitting the individual
• Being worn every time it is needed
• Worn properly each and every time
• PPE & RPE controls are no less important than the
higher controls when required
• Part of a Respiratory Protection Program (RPP)
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Contact Details:Mark Reggers0428 720 159mreggers@mmm.com
Travis Allen0410 512 007travis@allensindustrial.com.au
Questions?
mailto:mreggers@mmm.commailto:travis@allens.com.au
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