section 3 acids, bases, and saltsacids, bases, and salts . acids ... common acids and their uses...

Ch 24

Section 3

Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acids   Acid- a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a

water solution.   Forms H3O+ ions from the water and the excess H+

ions

  Taste sour

  Corrosive

Bases   Base- Any substance that forms hydroxide ions,

OH― in a water solution.

  Feel slippery

  Taste bitter

  A base is any substance that accepts H+ from acids.

Indicators   Indicator- an inorganic compound that changes

color in acids and bases.

Dissociation of Acids   When an acid dissolves in water, the negative end of

water attracts positive end of acid.

  The acid dissociates; hydrogen combines with H2O to form H3O+.

Dissociation of Bases   The positive areas of nearby water molecules

attract the OH of the base.

  The base dissociates into a positive ion and a negative ion.

  Water molecules do not combine with the ions formed from the base.

Neutralization   When acid reacts with a base to produce water.

  The neutralization cancels out the effects of the acid and base.

Salt formation   A salt is a compound formed when the negative

ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.

acid + base salt + water