searches for b and l violation in india
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February 11, 2011 1Mini NANO Workshop
Searches for B and L Searches for B and L violation violation in Indiain India
Utpal SarkarUtpal Sarkar
Physical Research LaboratoryPhysical Research Laboratory
Ahmedabad, IndiaAhmedabad, India
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 2
Prof. J.N. Prof. J.N. Goswami, Goswami,
Director, PRLDirector, PRL
Greetings on behalf of PRL, Prof. Goswami and Greetings on behalf of PRL, Prof. Goswami and myself to everyone present. Our first step would be myself to everyone present. Our first step would be to see if we can get some seed funds to look into the to see if we can get some seed funds to look into the
viability of the proposed project from technical viability of the proposed project from technical angle. angle.
In India it is still being discussed seriously only In India it is still being discussed seriously only within PRL. The coming 5 yr plan period, however, within PRL. The coming 5 yr plan period, however, provide an opportunity to make a proposal with a provide an opportunity to make a proposal with a
PRL lead and all India character, as well as PRL lead and all India character, as well as indicating possible international interest and hence indicating possible international interest and hence
this meeting has important significance.this meeting has important significance.
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 3
PHYSICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
Research in Physical SciencesDevelopment of Infrastructure for Research
Human Resource DevelopmentScience Popularization
URL: http://www.prl.ernet.in
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 4
The Physical Research Laboratory was established by Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai
Work on cosmic rays, a prominent subject at that time, was started from the “RETREAT” in 1947.
“Countries have to provide facilities for its nationals to do front rank research within
the resources that are available. It is equally necessary having produced the men who
can do research, to organise task oriented projects for the nation’s practical
problems.”
February 11, 2011 5Mini NANO Workshop
First Ozone Measurement Station established First Ozone Measurement Station established at Mt. Abu in 1951at Mt. Abu in 1951
With rapidly expanding research activities, PRL needed its own campus.
Foundation laid by Sir C.V. Raman in 1952 in the current premises.
Inauguration of PRL Main Campus in 1954 by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 6
Scientists from PRL initiated Space Science Research by contributing significantly to the scientific and
technical developments. Thus PRL became the “cradle” of Indian Space
Research Program.
Drs. Sarabhai, Kalam, Nair and others
Rocket Launched from Thumba
Balloon Launch
Aryabhatta Satellite
February 11, 2011February 11, 2011 Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 77
Scientific objective of Moon Mission is to understand the Scientific objective of Moon Mission is to understand the origin and evolutionary history of moon:origin and evolutionary history of moon:
3D topographic atlas of the Moon High resolution mineralogical and chemical mapping of polar regions Distribution of 222Rn , 210Pb, other radioactive elements and some Rare Earths
P
S
L
V
CHANDRAYANA - I
1064
February 11, 2011February 11, 2011 Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 88
A three colour composite of near-infrared reflected A three colour composite of near-infrared reflected solar radiation for the lunar nearside measured by solar radiation for the lunar nearside measured by Moon Mineral Mapper payload onboard Chandrayaan-Moon Mineral Mapper payload onboard Chandrayaan-1. Blue colour indicates 3 micrometer absorption 1. Blue colour indicates 3 micrometer absorption associated with the presence of OH/Hassociated with the presence of OH/H22O that is most O that is most
prominent at higher cooler latitudes.prominent at higher cooler latitudes.
OH
H2O
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 9
•All the administrative branches automated resulting in higher efficiency•Supporting staff reduced•Outsourcing of several services
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 10
Recently installed Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer to determine precise chronology of growth of mountains and climate markers
1111Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO WorkshopFebruary 11, 2011February 11, 2011
Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)A multinational (USA, Germany, India etc.) field
experiment conducted over the Indian Ocean to study the impact of man made pollution on the climate system.
Indian Research Vessel
Sagar Kanya
Experiments from 1996 to 1999
12Mini NANO WorkshopFebruary 11, 2011
What is the vertical extent of the pollution and the effect on ozone?
Q
To find answer we do balloon experiments from PRL.
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 13
Radio Carbon Dating
Dating of old materials, collected from different parts of India to infer the cultural evolution
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 14
Extinct Radioactivity and rare gas studies in meteorites
To decipher time scales of Early Solar System evolution and sources of noble gases. These studies use a laser ablation system and ion-probe.
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 15
Currently PRL research are carried out at four centers:
Main
Thaltej
Mt. Abu
Udaipur
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 16
Infrared Observatory (Mt. Abu)
Studies of stellar evolution, Extra-galactic Astronomy, Pulsar phenomenon, etc
Inside view of the 1.2 m telescope
Optical Polarimeter
2 m Image of Orion Nebula taken from Mt. Abu
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 17
Lidar at Mt. Abu
Measurement of temperature and Aerosol profiles
Chemical and Radioactivity measurements of environmental samples
To determine “chronology” of various earth’s surface processes and characterize source of materials. Analysis rely on AAS, ICP-AES, Carbon Analyzers, ion-chromatograph and α,β,γ spectrometers
18Mini NANO WorkshopFebruary 11, 2011
Non-Accelerator Particle Physics Experiments
February 11, 2011February 11, 2011 Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 1919
Atmospheric NeutrinosAtmospheric Neutrinos
Cosmic rays from Cosmic rays from outer space impinge outer space impinge on the atmosphere of on the atmosphere of the earth all the timethe earth all the time
They produce showers They produce showers of charged particles in of charged particles in a cascade a cascade phenomenonphenomenon
The end products of The end products of these cascades also these cascades also contain neutrinos of contain neutrinos of types types ee and and
Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 2020February 11, 2011February 11, 2011
First Detection of Atmospheric First Detection of Atmospheric Neutrinos at KGFNeutrinos at KGF
The experiments were conducted by groups from The experiments were conducted by groups from TIFRTIFR, , Durham UniversityDurham University and and Osaka UniversityOsaka University using basic trigger with using basic trigger with scintillation countersscintillation counters and and (NFT) for tracking detectors. Seven detectors (NFT) for tracking detectors. Seven detectors were deployed at a depth of 2.3 km in Heathcote were deployed at a depth of 2.3 km in Heathcote shaft and shaft and Champion ReefsChampion Reefs mines. The experiment mines. The experiment discovered the first atmospheric neutrinos in an discovered the first atmospheric neutrinos in an iron iron calorimetercalorimeter here about the same time as a here about the same time as a similar discovery in a mine in similar discovery in a mine in South AfricaSouth Africa..
February 11, 2011February 11, 2011 Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 2121
Proton Decay Proton Decay Experiment at KGFExperiment at KGF
Six proton decay events were reported, Six proton decay events were reported, three strong candidates with lifetime ~10three strong candidates with lifetime ~103131 yrs.yrs.
Some experimental observations, called Some experimental observations, called Kolar events,Kolar events, have yet to be explained. have yet to be explained. They suggest the existence of massive (>3 They suggest the existence of massive (>3 GeV) particles having a long life (10GeV) particles having a long life (10−9−9 secs). These massive particles are also secs). These massive particles are also seen to decay into 2–3 particles.seen to decay into 2–3 particles.
February 11, 2011February 11, 2011 Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 2222
India-based Neutrino India-based Neutrino ObservatoryObservatory
50,000 ton magnetized iron 50,000 ton magnetized iron particle physics calorimeterparticle physics calorimeter with glass with glass Resistive Plate ChamberResistive Plate Chamber (RPC) technology as the (RPC) technology as the sensor elements.sensor elements.
The detector was expected to start collecting data in The detector was expected to start collecting data in the year 2012. Rescheduled to 2015.the year 2012. Rescheduled to 2015.
The location of INO has attracted a lot of attention The location of INO has attracted a lot of attention from the neutrino physics community as the distance from the neutrino physics community as the distance between INO and CERN is very close to "Magic between INO and CERN is very close to "Magic Baseline" - a distance at which the effect of the CP Baseline" - a distance at which the effect of the CP phase on the measurement of θphase on the measurement of θ1313 is minimal. is minimal.
February 11, 2011February 11, 2011 Mini NANO WorkshopMini NANO Workshop 2323
The Primary goals of the INOThe Primary goals of the INO : : Unambiguous and more precise Unambiguous and more precise
determination of Neutrino oscillation determination of Neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos. parameters using atmospheric neutrinos.
Study of matter effects through electric Study of matter effects through electric charge identification, that may lead to the charge identification, that may lead to the determination of the unknown sign of one of determination of the unknown sign of one of the mass differences. the mass differences.
Study of charge-conjugation and charge Study of charge-conjugation and charge parity (CP) violation in the leptonic sector as parity (CP) violation in the leptonic sector as well as possible charge-conjugation, parity, well as possible charge-conjugation, parity, time-reversal (CPT) violation studies. time-reversal (CPT) violation studies.
Study of Kolar events, possible identification Study of Kolar events, possible identification of very-high energy neutrinos and multi-of very-high energy neutrinos and multi-muon events.muon events.
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 24
Budget Estimate
• INO: Initial estimate: $100 million• Present estimate: $250 million
• NANO: $200 million with TRIGA reactor and vertical shaft at Mt Abu
• NANO: $100 million with cyclotron and ultracold neutron, provided successful R&D
• Outcome: International importance, medical applications, accelerator technology beta beam for INO and neutron facility.
25Mini NANO WorkshopFebruary 11, 2011
Present Proposal
• Vertical Shaft at Mt. Abu, 1.2 high
• Accelerator and Lab space at lower level
• Detector near the observatory
• Phase I: accelerator facility + Lab + test facility $100 million
• Phase II: Actual expt $100 million
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 26
Alternate Possibilities
• In some abandoned mines, accelerator facility overground and detector inside
• Shaft inside sea?
• Neutron cavity of length 20m?
• Accelerator facility and neutron source is independent of these details
February 11, 2011 Mini NANO Workshop 27
Applications and other usage of the facilities(?)
PETRA III, DESY
First images of proteins and viruses caught with an X-ray laser (Feb. 2011)
EDM of neutron (?)
February 11, 2011 28Mini NANO Workshop
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