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Build Your Own REST Service with Web API 2Scot HillierMVPScot Hillier Technical Solutions, LLC

SPC404

Scot Hillier

scot@scothillier.net@ScotHillier

From Bricks to Houses

Web Parts

Workflows

Pages

Libraries

SharePoint 2010 SharePoint 2013

App Parts

SharePoint-Hosted Apps

Provider-Hosted Apps

Agenda Building RESTful Services Building OData Services Securing WebAPI Services

Building RESTful Services

REST Constraints Client-Server

Client pulls representations from the server Separation of concerns

Stateless Client provides all necessary context Server returns all necessary state

Cache Responses indicate whether or not they can be cached eTag, Date, Expires headers

Interface Resources are accessible through URIs Resources operations are through HTTP verbs The same representations can be used for all operations Resources are interconnected to allow linking

Layered Resources are unaffected by proxy servers, gateways, etc.

Introducing WebAPI Framework and tooling for building HTTP-

based services RESTful, OData, custom

Part of ASP.NET MVC Uses Controller and Routing paradigm

Tooling, wizards, scaffolding Simplified creation of REST and OData services Simplified use of Entity Framework to wrap database operations

Can be a stand-alone service or part of an app When added to an app, you must make additional manual code

updates

ControllerClient

Model-Client-Controller with Web API

Model

DataHTTP

Controllers Controllers inherit from ApiController

By default methods are mapped to HTTP verbspublic IEnumerable<string> Get() {}

public string Get(int id) {}

public void Post([FromBody]string value){}

public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value){}

public void Delete(int id){}

public class ValuesController : ApiController

Routing Routes are controlled through maps

Router makes decisions if information is missing

By default methods are mapped to HTTP verbs

config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional });

Responding Content Negotiation is automatic

accept: "application/json" accept: "application/xml"

Return IQueryable to support query syntax

Return HttpResponseMessage for headers and status

public IQueryable<string> Get(){ var d = new List<string>() {"a", "b" }; return d.AsQueryable();}

public HttpResponseMessage Get(int id){ return Request.CreateResponse<string>(HttpStatusCode.OK, data[id - 1]);}

Calling with Managed Code

Calling with JavaScript

DEMO

Creating and Testing a RESTful Service

Building OData Services

Open Data Protocol (OData) Standardized REST API for CRUD

operations Standardized Data Types

Standardized URI format

<Property Name="Id" Type="Edm.Guid" Nullable="false"/><Property Name="Title" Type="Edm.String"/><Property Name="TreeViewEnabled" Type="Edm.Boolean" Nullable="false"/><Property Name="UIVersion" Type="Edm.Int32" Nullable="false"/>

OData Entity Model Service Document

$metadata

Entity Types define entities

Entity Key defines unique property

Associations link entities together

<EntityType Name="Site"><EntityType Name="Web" BaseType="SP.SecurableObject"><EntityType Name="List" BaseType="SP.SecurableObject"><EntityType Name="ListItem" BaseType="SP.SecurableObject" OpenType="true">

<Key><PropertyRef Name="Id"/></Key>

<NavigationProperty Name="RootWeb" …

OData Query Options $select $filter $orderby $top $skip $expand

Controllers Controllers inherit from ODataController

Methods are mapped to HTTP verbs just like ApiController

Content Negotiation is automatic IQueryable generated by default

public class ContactsController : ODataController

Routing Routes are controlled through maps

Router makes decisions if information is missing

By default methods are mapped to HTTP verbs

ODataConventionModelBuilder builder = new ODataConventionModelBuilder();builder.EntitySet<Contact>("Contacts");builder.EntitySet<Company>("Companies");config.Routes.MapODataRoute("odata", "odata", builder.GetEdmModel());

DEMO

Creating and Testing an OData Service

Securing WebAPI Services

General Security Considerations Secure Sockets Layer – always! AuthN, AuthZ

Windows FBA Basic Token OAuth

Same Origin JavaScript API Controllers directly in the app

Cross-Origin JavaScript Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing Allows JavaScript to make a call across domains Superior to JSONP, which only supports GET Supported in current versions of all major

browsers Browser and resource exchange headers

Origin header from browser Access-Control-Allow-Origin header returned from resource OPTIONS method used for “pre-flight” requests

Enabling in WebAPI2 Install Microsoft ASP.NET WebAPI2 CORS NuGet Package Enable CORS in WebApiConfig Use [EnableCors] attribute in controllers

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing

Pre-flight request

Request Headers

Response Headers

Security Considerations Secure Sockets Layer – always! Always validate calling domain

Allowing all domains can open network to attack

Service not validating domains

Page with malicious script

Script gains access

DEMO

Cross Origin Resource Sharing

On-Premises Apps and Services SSL! Server-to-Server (S2S) High Trust

Windows Authentication required Designing a Service for use solely by your app in same domain Include WebAPI Controllers in same project jQuery ajax calls work from JavaScript in Same Origin

Stand-Alone Services Secure with Windows Auth or Simple Web Token Enable CORS

Cloud Apps and Services SSL! Token-based Security

Simple Web Token OAuth

Enable CORS for stand-alone services

SWT is just HTML form-encoded name-value pairs Audience, the Relying Party. In this case your WebAPI endpoint ExpiresOn, the token expiration Issuer, the token issuing authority Additional custom name-value pairs HMACSHA256, Hash-Based Method Authentication Code of all other

name-value pairs in the token.

Using Simple Web Tokens

Audience=http://myserver.com/apiIssuer=dev.wingtip.comExpiresOn=1255913549role=developerover18=trueHMACSHA256=N4QeKa3c062VBjnVK6fb+rnwURkcwGXh7EoNK34n0uM=

Simple Web Token Flow

MVC5 App(Token IssuingService)

WebAPIService

(Relying Party)

Client

Simple Web Token Flow

MVC5 App(Token IssuingService)

WebAPIService

(Relying Party)

Client

Attempt to accesssecured resource withouta token

Simple Web Token Flow

MVC5 App(Token IssuingService)

WebAPIService

(Relying Party)

Client

Redirected toToken Issuer

Simple Web Token Flow

MVC5 App(Token IssuingService)

WebAPIService

(Relying Party)

Client

Log in andRequest token

Simple Web Token Flow

MVC5 App(Token IssuingService)

WebAPIService

(Relying Party)

Client

Receive access token

Simple Web Token Flow

MVC5 App(Token IssuingService)

WebAPIService

(Relying Party)

Client

Access resourceBy passing token with call

DEMO

Simple Web Token Security

Summary Building RESTful Services Building OData Services Securing WebAPI Services

SPC 413, Complex Problem Solving with HTML5 Tuesday, March 4, 2014, 10:45 AM-12:00 PM Palazzo Ballroom A-H http://curah.microsoft.com/56000/sharepoint-conference-2014-spc413-r

esources

SPC 400, 3rd-Party JS Libraries You Need to Know Tuesday, March 4, 2014, 3:15 PM-4:30 PM Palazzo Ballroom K,L http://

curah.microsoft.com/56018/sharepoint-conference-2014-spc400-resources

SPC 404, Build your own REST service with WebAPI 2 Wednesday, March 5, 2014, 10:45 AM-12:00 PM Palazzo Ballroom A-H http://

curah.microsoft.com/56111/sharepoint-conference-2014-spc400-resources

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Evaluate sessionson MySPC using yourlaptop or mobile device:myspc.sharepointconference.com

© 2014 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.