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Science training for primary school teachers in Science France
David Jasmin, La main à la pâte, France
European summer school for primary science trainers , Erice, July 2005
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 20052
Outlines
French context pre and in-service training in France La main à la pâte contribution to teachers professional development• Training principles• Pilot centers• Website • Others training activities
Conclusions
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 20053
French Context
Primary education• 61 000 primary schools• 350 000 classes• Kindergarten: 99.5% of the 3 –
6 years old• Elementary: 100 % of the 6 –
11 years oldPrimary school teachers• Polyvalent teachers (same
teacher for all subjects)• Recruited at level high school
+5 (since 1991)• 75 % literary / 80 % women
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 20054
French context (2)
Situation in France in 1995• Focus on reading/ writing/ counting
– 4 hours/week for– Science– History/Geography– Civic education
• Sciences in < 3% classes– Often biology – Often frontal pedagogy
• Rare in training sessions• Few experiment material at the school• No link with scientific community
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 20055
French context (3)1995 – 1996• small scale experimentation based on Hands’on approach in
344 classes called La main à la pâte2000• The experimentation has expanded to over 5 000 classes• The Ministry launch an official Plan for quality
science/technology teaching in all schools (350 000 classes) inspired by La main à la pâte / Implementation of local and national plan management committees / Financial support for training sessions
2002• New national Curriculum inspired by La main à la pâte and
focus on inquiry process : question-observation- argumentation – synthesis – science notebook
• 7 % of in-service training dedicated to Sciences2003- 2004• Publication of resources for teachers and trainers (guide for
teacher training (Ministry of Education)2004-2005• New data : ~ 25 % teachers teach science, mostly with an
active pedagogy• But decrease of in-service training session ( 3%)
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 20056
Teachers fear to teach sciences
« I don’t know / I’m not a scientist »• Afraid of doing science and experimental work
Using active pedagogy• change their status in the classroom• Afraid of saying « I do not know » to children• Afraid of losing the control of the classroom:
– allowing the children to speak– putting the children in groups– Keep things in order, buying material…
Training aims at changing attitude toward sciences and their position in the classroom
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 20057
Pre-service training
data• In charge of IUFM ( university center ~ one
center / county)• 1 year for exam preparation + exam+ 1 year for
professional development• ~ 60 hrs of science 1st year ( for those who has
choose science option for the contest) / 2nd year : 40 hrs (for the others)
Trends• Decrease since 5 years• Less disciplinary approach ( in some counties)• In 2006, Science will be an mandatory proof in
teacher exam but written proof.
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 20058
In-service training
National training plan ( for coordinators – very few science stage)
Department training plan ( for teachers) from 1 to 3 weeks + one or two science resources teachers for continuous support
County training plan : 12 hours / year - mandatory (
all fields)
national
Department
County
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 20059
Pre-service training from a teacher point of view
Diversity of the offerDifferent kinds of training – time – content - approach / yearly planed /
/ different kinds of trainers / depend of the budget / during working days -supplied trainees / depending of the local educational authorities
No constraints• Except the 12 hours / year , a teacher can have access to an average of 1
week of training (all fields) /year BUT he has no obligation to be trained. • no commitment, no evaluation….
Tricky ( rend difficile) to establish coherent training strategy targeted the whole teacher except at local level ( priority decided by local educational authorities)
Positive points :Ministry of Education has decided to increase up to 8 % the rate of science in
service training , to identify 1 school resource per county. Training are more process focus than content focus.
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200510
Teacher training : training principles
Homomorphism principle : to train teachers as children will be taughtFrom this practical approach :• Analyze a possible transfer in class / Understand the different aspects of an inquiry /
process / Explore material /Acquire scientific concepts / links with other Fields / Have fun and be confident (You can do it yourself)
Involve (and invite) scientists to have a science insightsOrganize a post-training follow-upInvolve trainees in resource implementation and productions (class sequences, books, Websites...)
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200511
Teacher training
Issue : to convert the institution ( IUFM , ministry..) to this kind of training• IUFM trainers network (1
correspondent / region)• Meetings between trainers (Erice
1, national seminar) • Exhibition “ history of science
education”• Participation Map team to training
session• Production of learning ressources
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200512
Network of 14 pilot centers
Group of 50 to 200 classes in the same geographical areaContinuous support to teachersLocal websitesLocal resource centersCollective works (evaluation / strategy..)
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200513
Internet : a self training tool
Creation date : 1998• Lack of cooperation
in schools
Responsibility of :
• Académie des sciences
• Institut National deRecherche Pédagogique
5000 pagesLocally produced resources to teachersScientific and pedagogic hotline: consultants ( 200 experts)Linking teachers - trainers – scientistsEverything is free
http://www.inrp.fr/lamap
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200514
Other activities
Scientific partnership at school• More than 60 scientific centers involved• National reflection about partnership in
May 2004 (colloquium at ENSAM Paris)–Objectives–Different types of partnership–Rules
• Adoption of this charter by theMinistry of Education
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200515
Graines de sciences : working togetherWhy ?• Make teachers discover pleasure of
practicing science for itself (not only for teaching !)
• Make teachers learn scientific concepts, adopt scientific method
• Make teacher’s conception of science evolve
Who ?• 30 teachers / trainers and 8
scientistsWhen ?• Each year (in October)
During the session• Each scientist leads an informal
workshop (3 hours) close to its research subject
After the session• Scientists and teachers write
together the book “Graines de sciences”
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200516
Conclusion
In 10 years in France : science in 2-3% ~25-30 % classesTeacher training and coaching is still the main issue for generalization
BUTTraining and follow up depend on humans ( on not structures), ministry yearly budget and institutional instructionsAutonomy of trainers and teachers makes difficult to have a global and long term strategy and a quality control on training content
To reform science education, we need to political willingness and support, a definition of common principles, a long term and coherent policy, gather high quality resources for trainers.Scientist can play an essential role, by:• Accompanying teachers
– directly in classroom (~ science students as partners)– trough the Internet (~ researchers as scientific consultants)
• Training– teachers– teacher’s trainers
• Taking part in writing “official” books (guides for teachers and for trainers)Internet is very powerful :• Contributes to the professional development of teachers• Allows a rapid and massive diffusion of the new teaching practices
Tenacity : 10-20 years
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200517
Appendix
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200518
Perpignan pilot center
• Training centerTeacher training
• Resources centreDocuments, material
• Internet website
• University - CNRS• Local authorities
• Scientific companionship
• material
Educationallocal authority
• Impulsion
• coordination
schools schools schools schools schools schools schools
Referent teacherIn each county
Teacher training in France, David Jasmin, Erice, July 200519
From a local to an international network
+ 11 local websites representing a district
Best European teacher-training website 2001
Mirror sites
International Website(Mapmonde):
• For teachers (France,Colombia, Brazil, Senegal,Morocco, Quebec, Egypt,Serbia, Chile)
• Free resources
• Creating a communityaround the teaching ofscience at primary school http://www.mapmonde.org
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