scheme chapter 5.pdf
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CHAPTER 5: LIGHTANSWER
5.1 REFLECTION
1. Question 1: Johor 09(a) Converge at a point F.(b) any point at the principa
front of the mirror.
(c) Real, inverted and dimin
2.(a) Reflection(b) 15 cm(c) 2f = 30 cm
Image same size with o(d)
Objectdistance , u
/cm
ImagCharacte
10 Virtual, uprimagnified
20 Real, invertemagnified
30 Real, invertesize as the o
40 Real, invertediminished
(e)
l axis in
ished.
bject.
eistics
ht,
d,
d, samebject
d,
3. Question 2: N9 08
(a) Convex mirror
(b) Convex mirror hathan a plane mirr
(c)
(i)
Draw two incideneach of them reflcorrect path.Shows image for the mirror and thfront of F.
(c)
(ii)
Virtual ,upright a
(any of two combi
4. Question 3: Kedah
(a) Convex mirror
(b) Upright / diminisvirtual
(c) A radial ray that ithrough the centcurvature, C of thmirror
is reflected backincident path thr Determine the coof the image
(d) To increase the fi
5. Question 6: SBP fina
(a) Image that cannotscreen
(b)(i)
Image in Diagramvice versa
(b)(ii)
upright
a wider viewr.
rays andcted at the
ed behindposition in
d diminished.
nation)
7
ed / smaller /
s incidente of e curved
along theugh point C
rrect position
eld of vision
F4 07
be formed on
.1 is bigger//
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(c)
(d) Reflection
(e) Wide angle of reflection // wider the vision
6. Question 7: Trengganu 07
(a) Two reflected rays are shown(diagram)Angle of incidence = Angle of
reflection (diagram)
(a)(ii) Reflection
(a)(iii) The driver in car P cannot seecar Q // field of view verysmall
(b)(i) Convex mirror
b(ii) Two reflected rays are shown(diagram)Angle of incidence = Angle of
reflection (diagram)
(b)(iii) The convex mirror increasethe field of view
c(i) Unchanged
c(ii) The characteristics of imageof a convex mirror not
depends on the focal length
5.2 REFRACTION OF LIGHT
7. Question 2: Melaka Mid 2010(a) Refraction(b) speed and direction of light
change when travel throughdifferent medium
(c) 49.5⁰
(d) n = sin 49.5⁰ = 1.5
Sin 30⁰
8. Question 3: Melaka 07
(a)(i)
Virtual / Magnified
(a)(ii)
Refraction
(b) Light ray travels from densityto less dense mediumRefracted away from normal.
(c) Draw refracted ray correctlyDraw ray from image to theobserver.
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9. Question 5: Trengganu 08
(a)(i)
Pencil in Diagram 6.2 morebending
(a)(ii)
Density of seawater is higher
(a)(iii)
The higher the density thegreater the bending
(b) The size of the pencil in thewater is greater
(c) Refraction
(d) velocit
(e)
10. Question 5: SBP 08
(a) The gradient of the graph for liquid X is higher than thegradient of the graph for water.
(b) The refractive index of water is
lower than the refractive indexof the liquid X.
(c) The higher the density of liquid,the higher the refractive index
(d) n = real depthapparent depth
= 1.00.6
= 1.67
(e) Refraction of light
(f) Wavelength increase.
(g) The size of image seen from theglass block is bigger.
11. Question 5: Kedah 09(a)(i) Speed of light in air is higher than speed of light in water.(a)(ii) speed of light in air is higher than speed of light in glass
(a)(iii) If the speed of light decreases,then the light ray will bend towardsthe normal.(a)(iv) refraction(b)(i) One light ray from point P bendaway from the normal after emerginginto the air Extrapolate the ray to point Q.
(b)(ii) 1.6 = 1.331.2
5.3 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
12. Question 4: MARA 09(a)(i) critical angle(a)(ii) n = 1 = 1.5
Sin 42⁰
(b)(i)
(b)(ii) i > 42⁰, so total internal
reflection occurs
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(c)(ii) Angle of refraction will becomesmaller.
13. Question 4: Trengganu 07
(a) Refractive index is the ratio of sin i to sin r
(b)(i)
( The refracted ray is closer to the
normal compare to the water )
(b)(ii)
The glass block is denser thanwater, so the light ray isrefracted more.
(c)(i)
The total internal reflection –angle of reflection is equal tothe angle of incidence.
(c)(ii)
The incident angle in thediamond is more than the
critical angle.(d)
Sin c = 1n
= 12.4
c = 24.62 °
14.(i)
(ii) virtual, upright and same size
(iii) final image of the binocular isupright and it is shorter, solighter and easy to carry.
15. Question 2: Johor 08
(a) Mirage
(b)
Total internal reflection
(c)(i)
Density of the cool air is greater than the density of the warm air
(c)(ii)
The light rays will be refractedaway from the normal
(c)(iii
16.(a) Total internal reflection(b)(i) Q is denser (b)(ii) Q has higher refractive index.(c) sin c = 1 /2.1
c =(d)(i) endoscope
(ii) internet
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5.4 LENSES
17.(i)
(ii) real, inverted, magnified
(b)(i)
(b)(ii) virtual, upright, small
18.(a) image at the focal point(b) real, inverted, small(c) f = 19 – 9 = 10 cm(d) u = 15 cm(e
himage = v = 30 = 2hobject u 15
himage = 2 x 4 = 8 cm
(f) real, inverted, magnified(g) at focal point
19. Question 2: SBP 08
(a) Distance from the optical center to the focus point.
(b) 1 = 1 + 1f u v
1 = 1 - 1v 2 3
= 16
v = 6 cm.
(c)(i)
(ii) Real,inverted,magnified.
20.(a)(i)
(a)(ii) Real, inverted, magnified(b) 1 + 1 = 1
20 v 15v = 60 cm
(c) m = 60 = 320
(d) virtual, upright, smaller
21. Question 6: Mid Melaka 09(a) Image cannot be captured on the
screen(b)(i) Image in Diagram 6.1 is > then
Diagram 6.2(b)(ii) Equal // same
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(b)(iii) Image distance in Diagram 6.1is further// > than in Diagram5.2
(c) The shorter the image distancethe smaller the image //directly
proportional(d) m = vu
(e)(i) blur (e)(ii) not enough light.
22. Question 8: Kelantan 08(a)
b Real, inverted, diminished
c(i)
1/f = 1/u + 1/vv = 15 cm
cii
m = v/um = 0.5
d(i)
Objective lens = convex lens YEyepiece lens = convex lens X
dii
Focal length convex lens Y >than focal length convex lens X
(d)(iii)
23. Conceptual: Kelantan 08
Density diagram 9.2 < densitydiagram 9.3
Refractive index 9.2 < refractiveindex 9.3
Angle of refraction in diagram 9.2 >angle of refraction in diagram 9.3
The higher the density the smaller the angle of refraction
The higher the refractive index thesmaller the angle of refraction
24. Conceptual: Perak 07
(i) Refraction / Total InternalReflection
(ii) Block 1 (Rectangle)
:Refracted ray smaller thenthe incidence rayBlock 2(Prism) :The incidenceray is perpendicular and thereis no refracted raysAngles of incidence in theprism = Angles of reflection inthe prismRefractive index = 1
Sin cc= Critical angle
The ray of light comes from adense to a less densemedium or The angle of incidence in thedense medium is greater thanthe critical angle
25. Conceptual: Johor 08
(i) Ratio sin of incidence angle andsine of refraction angle
(ii) Refractive index digram9.2
larger than diagram 9.1Refraction angle diagram 9.2 issmaller than diagram 9.1Critical angle diagram 9.1larger than diagram 9.2When the refractive index islarge, the critical angle is small
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26. Conceptual: Melaka 08(i) A point at principle focus where
light ray parallel with principleaxis converge/diverge to/from it.
(ii) 1.Convex lens K more thicknessthan lens J2.The light rays refracted and
converge to the point F3.The distance between O and F
is focal length.4.Focal length lens K is shorter
than lens J5.More thickness the lens ,
shorter the focal length
27. Conceptual: Melaka 08
(a)(i) Real image is an image whichcan be seen on a screen.
(a)(ii) the object distance indiagram 10.1 is longer than diagram 10.2
the image distance indiagram 10.2 is longer than diagram 10.1
the size of the image in
diagram 10.2 is larger the longer the imagedistance, the bigger thesize of the image
The smaller the objectdistance the larger thesize of the image / theobject distance isinversely proportional tosize of the image.
28. Conceptual: SBP 08 The object distance in Diagram 9.1
is closer than in Diagram 9.2 The image distance in Diagram 9.1
is further than in Diagram 9.2
The size of image in Diagram9.1 is larger than in Diagram9.2
The further the object distance,the closer the image distance
The further the object distance,the smaller the size of image
29. Understanding: SBP 08i. Concave mirror
(i) Show object at the correct
distance , u < f Ray parallel to the principal axisreflect through the focal pointIntersection of 2 reflected rays
behind the mirror.
30. Understanding: Melaka 08 The convex lens with its holder is
aimed at a distant object like atree.
Adjust a screen until you see avery sharp and clear image of thedistant object.
When parallel light rays from adistant object pass through a
convex lens, they will converge toa point called focal point/ label ona diagram
Measure the distance between theconvex lens and screen./ label ona diagram
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31. Understanding: Kelant
(i) Angle between incidennormal line
(ii) Increase the angle oincidence, i, then an
refraction, r, will als Keep on increasing
of incidence until anrefraction is 90˚
The angle of incidencalled critical angle
Increase the angle oincidence more thancritical angle
The ray will be totallreflected.
32. Understanding : Johor 1. the angle of incidence is
than critical angle2. the light travel from medi
density to low density
33. Understanding: SBP 08 The layers of air nearer
warmer.
The density of air decrenearer to the road surfa
The light travel from deless dense area.
The light refract away fr normal
n 08
t ray and
le of
increasehe anglegle of
ce is
the
8greater
um high
the road
asece.
ser to
om the
When the angle of iexceed the criticalinternal reflection o
34. Understanding: Pe1. Draw a diagram toof light
2. Total internal reflec3. 180 0 fish eye view4. Obstacle
35. Understanding: Ked1. Diagram shows a c
fibre (with outer anlayer) with at least t
internal reflection2. The refractive indeinternal layer of theis greater than theor air
3. Angle of incidence,angle, c
4. Total internal reflec
36. Understanding: MR
(i) Convex mirror (ii) Has a wider vie
Upright image
The image is sedistance v ≤ f bmirror for all poobject
(iii) Light ray fromparallel to the pis reflected as ifrom the focal p
Position of the i
ncidencengle, total
ccurs
ak 07how the rays
ion
ah 07rved opticalinternal
wo total
of theoptical fibrexternal layer
i > critical
ion occur
SM 07
en at ahind the
sitions of the
bject that isrincipal axis
it comesoint
mage
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37. Understanding: Johor 07
(a)Periscope SAll the light is reflected into theeyes of the viewer through total
internal reflection.
(b)R
Position of mirror//position of prisms
Ray diagram for R and S Condition: Light ray travels
from optically dense mediumto optically less densemedium, or angle of incidencemore than critical angle
38. Qualitative problem: Perak 07
(i) Draw a correct ray diagram withat least 2 raysBox
Using two right-angled prismsArrangement of prismTotal internal reflection
(ii) Draw a diagram to showarrangementRight angle prism which causethe the rays to bent through 1800
4 prism2 eye piece2 objective lens
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39. Qualitative problem: Jo
Aspect R
1. An inner coreof higher refractive index
Light rareflecteeasily t
total intreflecti
2. Outer layer of medium with alower refractiveindex
Light rareflecteeasily ttotal intreflecti
3. Lower densit The optwill be l
4. The thicknessof the glass is
thin
Save pbe use
narrowspace
5. Strong andflexible
Does neasily ashape cadjuste
40. Qualitative: SBP 08
(i) Objective lens aboveEyepiece below // dia
Correct arrangementdiagram
(ii) Ray from object to th
and reflect 90
Second reflection 90
Reflection in 2nd pris
hor 08
ason
y isd more
rough
ernaln
y isd more
roughernaln
ical fibreighter
ce / canin
t breaknd thean be
/ diagramram
f prisms //
1s prism
in 1st prism(double
reflection)Draw another ray
(iii) Shorter // smaller // easy to carryProduce upright i
41. Qualitative: Melaka
(i) draws theeyepiece lens
correct labeleyepiece
label f O and f e draw the cor
the object ( f o draw ray diag
position of im draw ray diag
final image
(ii) Use a concav Converge ligh
microscope.(iii) Decrease thedecrease thethe eyepiece lthe focal lengobjective lens
increase thefactor.
diagram
size of binocular
age
8
objective ands.
of objective and
correctlyect position for
< u1 < 2f o)ams to show the
age 1ams to show the
mirror t to the
bject distance /ocal length of ens / decreaseh of the.
agnification
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42. Making decision: Johor 07
(a) Design Z Concave mirror converges all
the light to the focal point
(b) Use spherical disc of concave mirror so that morelight is converge to the focalpoint, hence the intensity of light is high
The kettle holder is made of iron
Which is a good conductor of heat.
(c) No pollution Renewable
(d) Restriction of the weather High cost Need a large area Difficult to stop and transfer
to ac form
43. Making Decision: Kedah 07
(i) refractive index =Speed of light in vacuum
Speed of light in the medium
Characteristics Reason
High refractiveindex
Total internalreflection canoccur easily
Small amount of light energybeing absorbedby the material
The object under observation canbe seen clearly //more light can be
transmittedMaterial withweak rigidity
The optical fibrecan be bent easily
Material withstrong strength
The optical fibrecan last longer/noteasily spoil
Material R High refractiveindex, low % of light energyabsorbed, weakrigidity and strong
strength
44. Making Decision: MRSM 07
(i) Diameter of fibre should besmall
The endoscope is small /slim
Material should be strongand of high flexibility
Bends easily without
breaking The refractive index of the
inner layer is greater thanthe refractive index of theouter layer.
Total internal reflection canoccur
The most suitable is R
Because the diameter issmall, high flexibility andrefractive index of the inner
layer is greater than theouter layer.
(ii) Objective lens: to form theimage of an object
Eye piece: to focus theimage
45. Quantitative problem: MRSM 07
(i) u = 30 cm, f = -10 cm
1/v = 1/-10 – 1/30v = - 7.5 cm
(ii) m = v/u= 7.5/30= 0.25
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46. Quantitative problem: Kedah 07
(i) The coin appear bigger whenseen by observer BThe coin is nearer to theobserver B
(ii)
= 12 cm
(iii) Add in more water//add in somesalt solution
47. Section B:Kelantan 09(a) Distance between optical centre
and focal point.(b)
Lens in Diagram 9.1 is thinner Focal length in Diagram 9.1 is
longer. Power of lens in Diagram 9.1 is
lower. The thinner the lens the longer
the focal length The thinner the lens, the lower
the power of the lens.(c)(i) at u < f
(d)
Modification explanation
P as eye piece
lens and Q asobjective lens
Focal length of P
is longer
Fo < u < 2f o To produce real,inverted andmagnified image
Adjusted so thatu < f e
To producevirtual, invertedand bigger image
// to acts as amagnifying glass
Distance betweenlenses > f o + f e
To producebigger imagefrom the eyepiece
// to increase themagnification
Store in a cooland dry place
To avoid fungusin the lenses.
48. Section B: Melaka 09(a)(i) Incident angle when its
refracted angle is 90o
(a)(ii) Incident angle in Diagram 9.1 <
Incident angle in Diagram 9.2 Diagram 9.1 refraction Diagram 9.2 total internal
reflection Incident angle in Diagram 9.1 is
less than critical // incident anglein Diagram 9.2 is more thancritical angle
when incident angle more than thecritical angle total internalreflection occurred
(b) Light consisting of seven colours Red has the longest wave length
and the last to refracted duringsunset
A droplet of water trap in theatmosphere after raining acts alens
Light travel through this water droplet and undergo the processof refraction ,total internal
reflection and dispersion of lightoccurred
x
1634 =
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(c)(i) Optical fibber consist two layers
from two types of glass. it consists of core at the centre
and outer layer with difference
refractive index The outer layer glass has lower refractive index than the inner core glass.
When the angle of incidence of light is greater than the criticalangle
light rays undergo total internalreflection
repeatedly until they emerge fromthe opposite end of the optical
fibre.
(c)(ii)
Modification Reason
Built bundle of optical fiber
Carry moreinformation
strong material not easily break
Very flexible Easy to bend at
the curve part
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