scan, scan, scan…there’s always something you missed! 1 mid-air collision avoidance road show...
Post on 30-Dec-2015
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Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Mid-Air Collision Avoidance
Road Show Briefing
Lt Col Ned Linch
Chief of Flight Safety12th AF
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Overview
•Purpose of MACA (Mid Air Collision Avoidance program)
•Recent mishaps and close calls
•Profile of a mid-air
•Techniques to avoid a close encounter
•Scan patterns
•MOAs
•Flight Planning tips / How to navigate MOAs
•Restricted Airspace (Goldwater ranges)
•www.SeeAndAvoid.org web site
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Why is MACA important?
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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F-16 near miss with light twin
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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High profile mishaps
1978: Pacific Southwest 727 / C-172 1980: F-111D / Cessna 206G 1986: Aeromexico DC-9 / Piper PA-28 1987: Mooney M20 / SkyWest SA227 Metroliner 1987: US Army King Air / Piper Chieftain 1992: MU-2 / Piper Saratoga 1998: CE525 / C-172 2000: F-16 / C-172 2000: Learjet 55 / Extra 300S 2000: Gulfstream GIII / King Air C90 2006: Hawker 800XP / Schleicher sailplane
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Why the passion
Near misses from both sides of the fence F-16 / C-172 F-111 / F-16 Piper Warrior / F-16 F-16 / F-16 727 & MD88 TCAS RA Seen multiple MOA and Restricted area near misses
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Profile of a Midair
Pleasure flight with no flight plan Day VFR on the weekend Faster aircraft overtaking First solo to 15,000 hours Uncontrolled airspace below 3000’ En-route: below 8000 feet within 25 miles of airport CFIs on-board 37% of the time
15.6 mid-air collision/year
577 near-misses reported/yr
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Techniques to avoid a close encounter
Flight planning “Plan Ahead” SeeandAvoid.org and Aeroplanner.com MACA pamphlets File a flight plan via Flt Service
“See and Avoid” Scan / Clear flight path GPS moving map to avoid SUA (“Special Use Airspace”…MOAs, Restricted
Areas, Alert Areas…) Avoid marginal weather near SUA Avoid high density traffic areas or low level routes
ie. Within 5 miles of Luke AFB, SFC to 11,000’ Grand Avenue / Rwy 21 approach at Luke
Scan pattern Communicate
Flight following Be Seen
Squawk, Lights, strobes, color of aircraft (Note: F-16 radars may not see you)
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Guide to an efficient scan
STEP 1: LOOK OUTSIDE !
“Side to Side” Start from far left and make a methodical sweep to the right Pausing at different intervals to focus (every 10-15 deg) At the end, return to instruments for a cross check
“Front to Side” Start by focusing in the center of your visual field Move your eyes to the left, focusing in each area Then, back to the center and scan right.
Remember to search above and below the horizon. Traffic conflicts often occur while one aircraft is transiting the flight path of another.
“Near Rocks, Far Rocks” then a task
The NTSB has found "failure to see and avoid, inadequate visual lookout, or failure to maintain visual and physical clearance" as the probable cause in 94 percent of the inflight collisions.
Time to recognize, decide and execute = 12.7 seconds See and Avoid prevents 97% of possible collisions (101-199 knots) and 47 percent
when closing speed is greater than 400 knots Human visual systems: attuned to detecting movement but less effective for
stationary objects 1976 study: VFR private pilots spend only 50% outside scanning / 40% on dept and
app
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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What is a MOA?
Military Operations Area (MOA) “Established to separate certain military activities from IFR
traffic and to identify for VFR aircraft where these activities are conducted.”
Can you fly through a MOA? Yes!
Is it smart? NO!!!!!!!
Are there exceptions? Yes
What is going on inside the MOA?
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Nothing new under the sun
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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AVQ to Las Vegaswww.Aeroplanner.com
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Bagdad MOA (Luke F-16s)
-Tucson and Phoenix to Las Vegas
-Popular route
-One of the most active MOAs
-F-16s Day and Night
-Air to Air Training
-Night A-A and A-G
-Near misses are routine
-Stay below the MOA or go around it
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Luke AFB reported near misses
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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How to navigate MOAs
Flight plan using “www.aeroplanner.com” Increase awareness with “www.SeeAndAvoid.org”
Check scheduled times Sectional chart information – “big picture” coverage Ask Flight Service or ATC
Use Flight Following in high concentration areas, near MOAs, or at night
If you must transit then, Cheat toward the edges and clear toward the center Think formation…if you see one, you might see more Air-to-Air engagement floor is 5000’ AGL Be seen – lights, strobes, color of aircraft
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Restricted Areas
“Denote the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery fire, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles” Barry Goldwater Ranges
Stay North of I-8 F-16s, A-10s and F/A18s dropping bombs from altitudes up
to 24,000 feet Low and High Angle strafe
IFR and VFR traffic only authorized by the controlling ATC facility
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Range 4
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Range 4 up close
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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North TAC
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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North TAC up close
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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North TAC in relation to I-8
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Sectional Chart view
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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• ANG developed MACA Web-based site @ www.SeeAndAvoid.org
• Goal – eliminate midair collisions and reduce close calls
• Provides one-stop shopping to allow all to safely share the skies
• Allows links to all existing military MACA programs in a single web site when populated
• Targets two groups: (1) General aviation pilots encouraging them to use seeandavoid.org as part of their flight planning, (2) military safety officers with the opportunity to create a web- based MACA educational and public outreach program
www.SeeAndAvoid.org
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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www.SeeAndAvoid.org
•Public website
•User friendly
•Google map/satellite overlay
•Ability to display all military airspace
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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The bottom line
Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Scan, scan, scan…There’s always something you missed!
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Questions?
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