satellite treatment for cso control – from concept to ...march 2015 to june 2017 cbod 19.9 mg/l 5...
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Simple - Effective
Satellite Treatment for CSO Control –
from Concept to Construction
By Mark Boner
Agenda
• WERF and EPA ORD CSO Demonstration Testing in
the 1990s in Columbus, GA
• Charleroi, PA CSO Program Development
• How Compressed Media Filter (CMF) Process
Works
• Springfield, OH CSO Program Performance
• Satellite Design Considerations, Footprint & Costs
WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology
West Point Lake
GA
Atlanta
Columbus, GA
Walter F. George Reservoir
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Upatoi Creek
Uchee Creek
Flat S
hoal
Creek
Mulberry
Creek
Bull Creek
Hannahatchee Creek
Mountain Creek
Long
Can
e Cr
Halawakee Creek
Hatchechubbee Creek
Bluf f Creek
Standing Boy Creek
Chattahoochee River
LakesStreams
7.47
6.29 5.52
6.79
4.31
8.105.78
5.47
5.17
5.905.27
5.52
7.71
7.60
5.535.81
5.79
5.88
5.987.77
6.387.09
5.14
6.50
6.64
7.53
Chemical and Biology
Chemical and Biology Chemical and Biology
Middle Chattahoochee River Middle Chattahoochee River
Watershed StudyWatershed Study
Regional Watershed Studies
Examined Chemical and Biological Characteristics
Middle
Chattahoochee
River
Watershed
Established
Linkages
Chemistry
Monitoring
and
Calibrated
BASINS
Modeling
Aquatic
Biology and
Habitat
Monitoring
Regional and
Interstate
Partnership
CSO TSS Concentration vs Volume
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
0 2 4 6 8 10
CSO Volume, MG
TS
S C
oncentr
ation,
mg/ll
U ptow n Park CSO Influe nt TSS
y = 1,671x
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
0.01 0.1 1 10
Eve nt V olum e , M G
TS
S L
oa
d,
lbs.
Source Water
Watersheds
Urban
Watersheds
T SS Yields by Watershed
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
CSO RC BU SB LC UP FS MO MU
TS
S Y
ield
, lb
s/a
cre
/ye
ar Urban Watershed
Urban & Suburban Watershed
Growing Sub-Urban Watershed
Rural Watersheds
CSO
Watershed
CattleCattle
Watershed Characterization Findings
Bull Creek - Urban and Suburban Land Use
y = 2E-08x1.77
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
1E+05 1E+06 1E+07 1E+08
Event Volume, Ft^3
TS
S L
oad
, L
BS
Modelled
Measured
Power (Measured)
Calibrated BASINS Model Pollutant Yields
CSO TSS Concentration vs VolumeCSO TSS Load vs Volume
Cryptosporidium & Giardia Sampling
• 47 wet weather samples
• Analysis using ICR and EPA 1623
• Giardia detected in ~60 % of samples and correlate to indicator organisms
• Cryptosporidium detected in ~ 10 % of samples (most in urban watershed below drinking water intakes)
Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum
GIS Source Inventory Database
Facility Name, GPS Coordinates, Address, Permits, Time of Travel
and Susceptibility Analysis.
1st ever use of CMF for CSO treatmentNovember 4, 2016 NJDEP | CSO / CMF
Workshop |8
Uptown Park in Columbus GA Satellite CSO Treatment - Operating since 1995
• WERF Peer Review• EPA ORD QA• EPA CSO Award
CSO
SanSewer
CombinedSewer
Chemical Disinfectants: Chlorine with Dechlorination, Peracetic Acid, Chlorine DioxideBromine as BCDMH
O&M, Design and Cost Data
UV Disinfection
Compressed Media Filtration
Vortex Separation, Dissolved Air Flotation, Chemical Precipitation, Chemical Disinfection
Coarse Screening and Flow Controls
Hydraulic and Pollutant Load Techniques
Sodium Bisulfite Dechlorination
Technology Demonstration Testing under
USEPA ORD and WERF Peer Review
Columbus, GA
Satellite CSO Treatment Facilities
Hydraulic Profile
Coarse
Screening
Vortex
Outfall
Compressed
Media FilterCSO Influent
Degritting
Backwash
Blower
UV
Disinfection
UV
Disinfection
Excess Flow above
Design Capacity
CSO Volume vs TSS Concentration, mg/l
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01
Cummulative Event Volume, MG/acre
TS
S C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
, m
g/l
Columbus Data
Clear Creek Data
Raw CSO Concentrations
aXb
Columbus, GA Atlanta, GA
aXb
Dosing Curves at 10 MGD Flow &
Quality Factor of 1.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
0 1 2 3 4
Cummulative Volume, MG
So
diu
m H
yp
oc
hlo
rite
Do
se
, m
g/l
30*C
25*C
20*C
15*C
Dosing Feed Curves Based on Wastewater
Temperature and Cumulative CSO Volume
aXb
Direct Disinfection of CSOs
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cummulative CSO Volume, MG
So
diu
m H
yp
oc
hlo
rite
Do
se
,
mg
/l
Raw CSO
Filtered CSO
Raw CSO Disinfection
4-times the Peak Dose and
10-times the precursors
Dosing Feed Curves for Raw CSO vs Filtered CSO
y = 3E+07x-2.901
R² = 0.859
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Eff
lue
nt
Fe
ca
l C
oli
form
, #
/10
0 m
l
PAA Concentration per mg/l NH3N
Raw CSO PAA Disinfection Dose Response to Fecal Coliform
y = 5E+12x-1.653
R² = 0.8273
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000
EC
, #/1
00m
l
Dose x UF %T, watt-sec
UV Disinfection Performance vs Dose x Light Transmittance
Disinfection Conclusions
• Chemical and UV disinfection can be defined
as a function of wastewater quality and
temperature.
• Wet weather quality is rapidly changing but
predictable for disinfection control.
• Oxidant dose versus TRC can be used to
control the dechlorination feed control.
• DBPs are a function of dose and quality.
• DBPs production can be reduced through
precursor reduction and UV disinfection.
4% Digressions from the STV maximum day criteria. No Exceedances
of Bacteria Standards with a 10% STV Frequency threshold in the
same 30-day period.
Columbus GA CSO Program Downstream Monitoring Results
WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology
WWTP Discharge & CSO Treatment
WTP Intake
Treated CSO Discharge
Authority of the Borough of Charleroi, PAWater & Wastewater Infrastructure ProgramWet Weather Control & Treatment
Combined Sewer System Watershed
Wet Weather Flow:10 MGD WWF
Charleroi, PASatellite CSO Treatment
Backwash 1 MGD
Treated Effluent During Wet Weather up to 9 MGD
WWTP
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
TS
S C
on
cen
tra
tio
n,
mg
/l
Influent & Effluent TSS
Influent TSS
Effluent TSS
Average Influent TSS = 200 mg/l
Average Effluent TSS = 24 mg/l
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415
CB
OD
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
, m
g/l
Influent & Effluent CBOD
Influent CBOD
Effluent CBOD
Average Influent CBOD = 84 mg/l
Average Effluent CBOD = 25 mg/l
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
% R
em
ov
al
% Removals for TSS and CBOD
% CBOD Rem
% TSS Rem
Average TSS Removal = 87%
Average CBOD Removal = 70%
UV Disinfection
Coarse Screening
5-Cell
FlexFilter
Matrix
Backwash
Blowers
Post Event
Backwash
Pumping
Recycle
Pumping
Effluent
Pumping
Charleroi, PA Satellite CSO Treatment
Courtesy of KLH Engineers
40’
60’
Pumped CSO Influent 10 MGD
Five 6’ by 30’ FlexFilter cells
10” Backwash Supply BFV
Backwash to Downstream Sanitary Sewer1.0 MGD Rate
WWETCO 10 MGD FlexFilter™ EHRT Satellite CSO Treatment – Upper Plan
Duty/Standby Blowers @ 1,440 scfm and 4 psi Backwash Air
Treated CSO Discharge 9 MGD
Footprint based upon 24” outer wall thickness
UV Disinfection
Chamber
Post Event Backwash Pumping 1 MGD
10” Air BFV
Cell Effluent Weir
12” Backwash Flap
12” Backwash Flap
12” Filter Drain Gate
12” Backwash Gate
16” Influent Gate
Opening to Effluent Storage or Disinfection Contact Below
1
412” Drain
Gates
5321
Controlled Outflow
12” Draindown GateDraindownPumped to Influent Channel
Treated CSO Discharge
UV Disinfection
Post Event Backwash Pumping 1.0 MGD
Opening above from filter effluent channel.
Disinfection Contact & Backwash Cleanup Volume
Lower Plan
Backwash Attenuation Volume
Recycle Storage Volume
Controlled Outflow
Backwash to Downstream Sanitary Sewer1.0 MGD Rate
12” Drain Gates
DraindownPumped to Influent Channel
Charleroi, PA Satellite CSO TreatmentCourtesy of McCrossin Constructors
Charleroi, PA Satellite CSO TreatmentCourtesy of McCrossin Constructors
WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology
Influent Flow
Filtration Mode
Effluent Flow
Lateral Passive Compression
Spent Backwash
Backwash Supply
Backwash Mode
Blower Air 10 cfm/sq ft
Drain Mode
UncompressedFilter Media
CompressedFilter Media
A porosity gradient is created
by the lateral compression of
the media bed.
The result is the stratification
and removal of large and small
particles throughout the media
bed.
This allows the FlexFilter™ to
treat high solids laden waters.
Real Time Filtration of Primary
Influent at 250 to 300 mg/l TSS
Filter Cycle (Time Lapse of 2 hrs)
1. Backwash
2. Filter Drain
3. Fill and Compress
4. Filtration
5. Backwash Again
Time Lapse Video
Filtration of Primary Influent
at 250 to 300 mg/l TSS
Front Influent Chamber
Back Influent ChamberInfluent
Channel
Filter Chamber
Recycle Chamber
Air Supply
Recycle Gate
Influent Gate
Effluent Channel
Flap Gate
Compression Bladder
Backwash Trough
Underdrain & Air Diffuser
Filter Drain
Cross-Section of a Typical Filter Cell
Return Mud
Valve
Return Channel
Backwash Supply
Valve
Effluent Chamber
Front Influent Chamber
Back Influent ChamberInfluent
Channel
Filter Chamber
Recycle Chamber
Air Supply
Recycle Gate
Influent Gate
Flap Gate
Compression Bladder
Backwash TroughFilter Drain
Cross-Section of a Typical Filter Cell
Return Mud
Valve
Return Channel
Backwash Supply
Valve
Effluent Storage & Contact Chamber
Cell called on-line – bladder compresses and filtration begins
Filtration – As solids are removed head builds
Cell goes off-line and initial drain-down
Backwash and final drain-down
WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology
Disinfection
& Discharge
Primary Clarifier
Preliminary Treatment
Biological Treatment
Secondary Clarifier
Disinfection
Attenuate Backwash
returned to WWTP
CMF Tertiary Filtration &
Nutrient Control
Meets Secondary Treatment
Criteria & WQS
Excess CSO Flow
Auxiliary Treatment
Springfield, OH 100 MGD HRT for CSO40 MGD WWTPB&V Design
Construction by Kokosing ½” CSO Screening
Up to 100 MGD
CSO
Backwash
100 MGD WWETCO FlexFilter EHRT for CSO Treatment CMAS
Trickling Filters
PrimariesSecondaries
Disinfection & Post Air
Headworks
Digestion
Bio-solids Handling
• High-rate / high-performance / small footprint• No chemicals required to remove solids• Operating power less than $5 per million gallons treating CSO• Operating power less than $1 per million gallons when polishing
• Unmanned operation with simple flow and level controls• Automated cleanup• Scheduled & Operator initiated automatic exercise of gates and
valves• Can be placed underground & ideal for unmanned satellite
applications
10 MGD FlexFilter Cell – Longitudinal Elevation
Backwash & Drain Down
Storage Effluent Channel
Influent Channel
Influent Flap Gate
4 filter strips 6’x30’ each
WasteFilter Drain
Secondary Backwash Supply
Influent
Primary Backwash Supply
Filter Drain
Backwash Air
Backwash Flap Valves
10 MGD FlexFilter Cell – Sectional Elevation
4 filter strips 6’x30’ each
Waste
Filter Drain
Secondary Backwash Supply
Influent
Filter Drain
30” Media Bed
Pressure Sensor
Backwash Trough
Backwash Outlet (both sides)
Bladder Surrounding Media Bed
Backwash Air Diffuser
Bottom Perforated
Plate
Video of Filtration Mode at Mid-level Over Filter
Video of Influent Chamber (East Side)
Compression
Bladder
After 10 months
of operation
bladder
compression
channels are free
of debris
Channel Behind Bladder
Secondary Treatment Criteria
(7:14A-12.2 & 40 CFR 133.105)
CBOD5
25 mg/L Monthly Average
40 mg/L Weekly Average
TSS
30 mg/L Monthly Average
45 mg/L Weekly Average
TP
Incidental through solids reduction
Performance Summary
Springfield, OH CSO HRT
Event Composite Average
65 events
March 2015 to June 2017
CBOD5 = 19.9 mg/L
TSS = 15.1 mg/L
TP = 0.4 mg/L
NH3-N = 2.2 mg/L
Other Benefits:
• Pathogen Indicators: Compressible Media Filtration produces an
effluent with particle size equal to or less than 10 microns amenable to
both chemical or UV disinfection, proven to meet Recreational criteria.
• 50% Discharge Volume Reduction: Treatment system captures small
events and returns organics for uniform biological treatment.
WWETCO FlexFilter
WWETCO FlexFilter
WWETCO FlexFilter CMF Technology
Multi-Year Study to test and evaluate specific satellite treatment
• High-performance satellite end-of-pipe treatment can:
• Protect public health and aquatic biology
• Be a cost effective alternative• Provide pollutant reductions
meeting secondary criteria• Capture more frequent small events • Reduce sediment oxygen
demanding loads• Offer a foundation for green spaces
& other community amenities
• Satellite Treatment facilities can be:
• Unmanned• Odor free• Adaptable to multiple
locations• Small footprint• Below grade
Jointly Funded by USEPA & NJDEP
September 2017
https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/WWFTDDP_Report.pdf
Technical Advisory Committee Members:• Daniel Murray, P.E. (EPA ORD)• Richard Field P.E., D.WRE, BCEE
(EPA ORD, Retired)• Peter Moffa, P.E. • Jurek Patoczka, PhD, P.E. • Qizhong Guo, PhD, P.E. (Rutgers)
The Trinity
Oversite Committee Members:• Stanley Cach, P.E., D. WRE BCEE
(NJDEP)• Shadab Ahmad, P.E. (NJDEP)• Thomas O’Conner, P.E. (EPA ORD)
11/26/2018 65
The historical distribution of wet weather event contributions are evaluated with respect instream STV criteria to determine design treatment levels.
En
gin
eers
’ C
Lu
bo
f S
t. L
ou
is
OPY – Overflows per Year
Design Approach to Solids Removal and Disinfection Satellite TreatmentExample shows treatment rate based upon 95% bacteria load reduction equates to 0.1 MGD per acre of combined sewer drainage area.
95% Bacteria Load Reduction at 0.1 MGD/acre
85% Bacteria Load Reduction
at 0.05 MGD/acre
50% Bacteria Load Reduction
at 0.01 MGD/acre
100% Bacteria Load Reduction at 0.5 MGD/Acre
Reference: City of Perth Amboy – Utilities Services Affiliates
Option for Dilute Water Disinfection
Staged Treatment Approach for Wet WeatherAuxiliary & Satellite Facilities
Storage or Chemical
Disinfection
Maximize Flow to POTW
Match Infrequent Untreated Discharges to In-
Stream STV Magnitude/Frequency Criterion
Dilute Flow
Disinfection
Excess Q
Coarse Screens
UV Disinfection
Compressed Media Filter
(CMF)
Design Flow
CSO
3% Attenuated
Backwash
plus 3% Compensationfor
Floatables Control
PAA Disinfection
Combined
PAA & UV
Internal Recycle
Satellite or Auxiliary Treatment Train
Grit Removal (if needed)
11/26/2018 68
Satellite Facility Hydraulics
Maximize use of hydraulic
gradient available in drainage
system…
Maximum level
without backups
Balance footprint with
available hydraulic gradient
High Head
Application
11/26/2018 69
Satellite Facility Hydraulics
Maximize use of hydraulic
gradient available in drainage
system…
Maximum level
without backups
Balance footprint with
available hydraulic gradient
Low Head
Application
low-head effluent
pumping when needed
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
La
nd
Re
qu
ire
d a
t 2
-tim
es
Str
uc
ture
Are
a, A
cre
s
Design Treatment Rate, MGD
Land Requirements for 28 System Wide HRT Facilities at 95% Bacteria Treatment Level
Average HRTDesign Flow = 19 MGDrequires about 0.14 acres(2 times treatment structure)
System wide land required = 4.14 acres
$35
$55
$75
$95
$115
$135
$155
$175
$195
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Co
nstr
ucti
on
Co
st
per
Acre
CS
S
Th
ou
san
ds
Design Treatment Rate, MGD
Construction Costs for 28 System-Wide HRT Facilities at 95% Bacteria Treatment Level
Average HRTDesign Flow = 19 MGD withConstruction Cost = $51,000per Acre CSS
System-wide Average HRT Construction Cost = $46,000Per Acre CSS
Takeaway
• HRT facilities can be designed as satellite systems to treat
episodic wet weather CSO events to protect the
beneficial uses of receiving waters.
• CMF HRT facilities can meet secondary treatment
effluent criteria and are amenable to disinfection by
either UV or chemical disinfection.
• Auxiliary HRT systems at the WWTP can add significant
dual function benefits as tertiary or enhanced primary
treatment capacity.
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