salty ops – saltstack introduction

Salty OPS – Saltstack IntroductionBy Walter Liu 2013/12/24

Before Saltstack(This section is borrowed slides from slideshare)

BasicsCommands and misc

Basic components

Salt-master

Salt-minion

Salt-syndic: for large deployment or cross data-center.

Basic files of Salt

Configuration files /etc/salt/master /etc/salt/minion /etc/salt/minion_id (generated when first time start

daemon) /etc/salt/pki/ (generated when first time start daemon)

Log: /var/log/salt/

GITFS cache: /var/cache/salt/master/gitfs/refs/master/

Basic command

salt salt –v "*" test.ping salt –v –L “web1,web2” test.ping salt –v –E “web[12]” test.ping Salt –v –N group1 test.ping

salt-key –a, salt-key -d

salt-call

Update to newest state

salt –v '*' state.highstate

Copy file to minions

salt ‘*’ cp.get_file salt://path/to/file /minion/path/to/file

salt ‘*’ cp.get_dir salt://path/to/dir/ /minion/path/to/dir/

Information commands

salt '*' sys.doc [module]

salt '*' grains.items

salt '*' pillar.items

Package something andRun command

salt '*' pkg.install nginx

salt '*' pkg.remove nginx

salt '*' cmd.run ifconfig

Batch Size

Use batch size to rolling web server restart.

Example: salt “websvr*” –batch-size 25% apache.signal restart salt “websvr*” –batch-size 10 apache.signal restart

Troubleshooting and Test your command

Use salt-call to run locally

Add test=True to just view what will be done.

example: salt-call -l info state.highstate test=True salt '*' state.highstate test=True salt ‘testsvr01’ state.sls nginx test=True

Demo: Test failed. only salt-call could see the error.

Let’s run some examples.

Installation (CentOS)

yum install salt-master

yum install salt-minion

yum install salt-api

yum install python-halite

Other OS wget -O - http://bootstrap.saltstack.org | sudo sh

Re-initialize demo environment

salt "*" pkg.remove nginx

salt “*” cmd.run “rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/*”

salt-key -D

Add a new machine to Salt

Minion: edit /etc/salt/minion

Minion: hostname change to “www-01.dc1”

Minion: service salt-minion start

Master: salt-key -A

Configure installation in Salty way

Master: edit /etc/salt/master

Master: Add file top.sls

Master: Add file nginx.sls

Minion: salt-call -l debug state.highstate test=True

Master: salt "*" state.highstate test=True

Execute on master: salt "*" state.highstate

Add another new machine to salt

Minion: Add another machine. (hostname)

Master: salt "*" state.highstate

Add a managed config file

Master: edit top.sls, add dc1 directives.

Master: Add dc1/web.sls

Master: Add conf/dc1/www.conf

Master: salt "*" state.highstate

Add dc2 managed config file

Master: edit top.sls, add dc1 directives.

Master: Add dc2/web.sls

Master: Add conf/dc2/www.conf

Master: salt "*" state.highstate

Grains in short

Key values items of minion hardware/env.

Only acquire at salt-minion startup.

May be used in sls/template.

Let’s see how to config by domain/hostname. Master: salt ‘*’ grains.items Master: Add web_general/web.sls Master: Modify top.sls Master: Add conf/dc3/www.conf Master: salt-call ‘*.dc3’ highstate test=True

Pillar in short

Usage Highly Sensitive Data Minion Configuration Variables Arbitrary Data

Example, DB username, password Configure config file by hostname

GITFS

/etc/salt/master, change below configuration fileserver_backend:

- git Gitfs_remotes:

- git@gitlab……..

salt-run fileserver.update

Another method: Or only use gitfs to host config files.

Check config before restart

Application support check config in service reload (“init.d”). Return error code if failed.

Use cmd.wait:     - name: ”nginx -s reload” # do reload     - onlyif: “nginx -t” # test if config is ok.     - watch:       - file: /etc/nginx/conf.d/my_web.conf

Collaboration

RD Installation sls: “nginx.sls” User Config sls: “web_general/web.sls” User Config template: “www_redis.conf.template”

OPS top.sls pillar/top.sls

Reference for writing SLS

Salt Formulars on github https://github.com/saltstack-formulas

Salt-states on github https://github.com/saltstack/salt-states

Halite

Demo Web UI

Q & A