salem witch hunts. causes no governor or charter to enforce laws in 1692 no governor or charter to...
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Salem Witch HuntsSalem Witch Hunts
CausesCauses No governor or charter No governor or charter
to enforce laws in 1692to enforce laws in 1692 Citizens upset by attacks Citizens upset by attacks
from natives and Frenchfrom natives and French ““City on a Hill” mentalityCity on a Hill” mentality Codes of conformity – Codes of conformity –
first witches were first witches were outcastsoutcasts
TitubaTituba (slave), (slave), Sarah Sarah GoodGood (homeless beggar), (homeless beggar), Sarah OsbourneSarah Osbourne (old, (old, married servant)married servant)
Restricted activities of Restricted activities of young girls caused them young girls caused them to seek attention to seek attention through hysterical through hysterical outbreaksoutbreaks
ReligionReligion Strict code of moralityStrict code of morality Work ethic – salvation Work ethic – salvation
depends on good depends on good worksworks
Power of devilPower of devil All sins punished by All sins punished by
God – failed crop must God – failed crop must be evidence of a be evidence of a hidden sinhidden sin
Witches punished by Witches punished by death as most death as most extreme heresyextreme heresy
Economic and Social Economic and Social DivisionDivision
Salem VillageSalem Village – poor – poor farmers, fear of farmers, fear of worldly Salem Townworldly Salem Town
Rev. Samuel ParrisRev. Samuel Parris – – new minister in new minister in village denounces village denounces town prosperitytown prosperity
Salem TownSalem Town – – prosperous port prosperous port town with town with merchants and merchants and outside contactoutside contact
Colonial PunishmentsColonial Punishments PilloryPillory for theft or counterfeit for theft or counterfeit DuckingDucking stool for loose women, stool for loose women,
cheaters, quarrellingcheaters, quarrelling Repentance stoolRepentance stool in view of in view of
church memberschurch members Scarlet letterScarlet letter – B = blasphemy, – B = blasphemy,
A = adultery, D = drunkennessA = adultery, D = drunkenness BrandingBranding on cheek – SL = on cheek – SL =
seditious libel, M = seditious libel, M = manslaughter, T = thief, R = manslaughter, T = thief, R = rogue, F = forgery, I = sold to rogue, F = forgery, I = sold to nativesnatives
WhippingWhipping (10-40 lashes) for (10-40 lashes) for hunting on Sunday, lying, hunting on Sunday, lying, drinking, pick pocketsdrinking, pick pockets
BranksBranks = cage for head with = cage for head with tongue in mouth for gossipstongue in mouth for gossips
BilboesBilboes = feet in shackles for = feet in shackles for theft or cursingtheft or cursing
European WitchcraftEuropean Witchcraft From 1400-1600 From 1400-1600
approximatelyapproximately Confessed to flying on poles, Confessed to flying on poles,
attending meetings led by attending meetings led by the devil, casting spells on the devil, casting spells on neighbors, causing stormsneighbors, causing storms
1484 Pope Innocent VIII 1484 Pope Innocent VIII published report on published report on witchcraft in Germany witchcraft in Germany Malleus MalleficarumMalleus Malleficarum
Suggests looking for mole as Suggests looking for mole as devil’s mark and bringing in devil’s mark and bringing in accused backwards so they accused backwards so they can’t cast spellscan’t cast spells
1515 in Gen. Sw. burned 1515 in Gen. Sw. burned 500 witches at the stake500 witches at the stake
1500-1660 Europe executed 1500-1660 Europe executed 50000 – 80000 witches50000 – 80000 witches
1682 England executed its 1682 England executed its last witch last witch
Hysteria in Salem - 1692Hysteria in Salem - 1692 Jan 1692 Parris’ 9 year old Jan 1692 Parris’ 9 year old
daughter & 11 year old daughter & 11 year old niece had hysterical fits, niece had hysterical fits, trances and paralysistrances and paralysis
Accused others of Accused others of bewitching thembewitching them
May 1692 established court May 1692 established court of of Oyer and TerminerOyer and Terminer
Bridget BishopBridget Bishop was 1 was 1stst person hangedperson hanged
20 executed for witchcraft in 20 executed for witchcraft in Salem (most on Gallows Hill)Salem (most on Gallows Hill)
Oct 1692 Oct 1692 Governor PhippsGovernor Phipps dissolved the court & dissolved the court & disallowed disallowed spectral evidencespectral evidence as his own wife was being as his own wife was being chargedcharged
1702 trials declared 1702 trials declared unlawfulunlawful
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