rv 2014: rail~volution 101 by gb arrington

MAKING PLACE BETTER Reflec%ons:    

Rail~Volu%on  @20        

Arrington.gb@gmail.com  ar r ington .gb@gmai l .com gbp lacemak ing .com

OVERVIEW

§  20 years §  Beyond myths §  Tomorrows stations §  TOD principals §  Creating value §  TOD market §  Case studies §  Conclusions

Topics

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed fromRail~Volution 1 to Rail~Volution 20

Circa 1980 Portland LRT & Transit Station Area Planning renderings "

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed TOD cartoons  to  1,000’s  of  built  TOD  projects  

Portland Cartoon " Portland, Dallas, Cleveland Washington DC, San Francisco, Minneapolis TODs "

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed Export  Portland  TOD  to  a  na%onal  movement                

Minneapolis, Phoenix, Charlotte, Boston, Seattle, Miami "

VP Gore, Rail~Volution 1998 Orenco Station "

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed Educa%on  &  advocacy  to  a  growing  lifestyle    

West Baltimore, Denver, Chicago, California, Brisbane AU "

My home,Portland Urban Infill TOD"

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed Planning  is  sufficient  to  an  implementa%on  focus      

Garland, TX"Miami "

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed Any  TOD  is  ok  to  equitable  +  sustainable  +  jobs  TOD        

Affordable TOD 10th & Osage Denver "

Arlington VA, San Jose, Vancouver BC "

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed Transit  a  “good”  to  transit  designed  for  development            

Seattle Streetcar "60th & I-84 Portland "

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed A  residen%al  project  to  a  mixed  use  district          

Pearl District, Portland "Del Mar, Pasadena "

LOOKING BACK QUICKLY

What’s changed Limited  TOD  examples  to  a  market  preference              

SW Waterfront, Portland "Mockingbird Station, Dallas "

Development  next  to  transit  is  TOD    

TOD MYTHS

TOD or TAD?

§  Majority of development at US transit stations are not TODs

§  TOD is still illegal in at most US transit stops

§  Not enough to be next to transit, must be shaped by transit

LRT Station"

Transit-Oriented Development Transit Adjacent Development Cisco Systems TAD

San Jose, CA"

Street Car TOD Portland, OR"

SHAPED BY TRANSIT

§  Greater density §  Less parking §  Better public realm §  Mix of uses §  Very walkable §  Tame the car

San Diego, Portland, San Francisco, Washington, DC, Denver San Francisco, Dallas"

LRT Station

ORENCO STATION

§  Safe streets §  Strong center §  Local services §  Parks & open space §  Housing choices §  Good jobs

a great neighborhood for a successful TOD ~ The fundamentals

Hillsboro, OR"

geSng  the  planning  right  is  sufficient      

TOD MYTHS

KEYS TO TOD SUCCESS: IMPLEMENTATION FOCUS §  Planning  based  in  development  reality    

§  Apply  the  power  of  partnerships  

§  Market  driven,  not  transit  driven  TOD  

§  Designed  for  the  pedestrian      

41st & Fox Commuter Rail Station Denver "

VISION FOR WHAT YOU WANT

Overlake Transit Village, Redmond, WA"

CLEAR PATH & ROLES TO GET THERE

Overlake Transit Village, Implementation Plan, Redmond, WA"

This  is  a    great  TOD  project    

TOD MYTHS

Active defined center

§  Series of projects "§  18 hours of activity "§  Quality public realm /

sense of place "§  Employment closest to transit"§  Compact & dense "

PRINCIPLES FOR TOD a successful

TOD: A DISTRICT NOT A PROJECT

T!

Orenco StationA District

The RoundA Project

T!

§  Mission Bay redevelopment

§  University Campus §  High Density Housing §  Mixed-use §  Station at

SF Giants ball park

MISSION BAYSAN FRANCISCO

Transit  enables    TOD    

TOD MYTHS

LINK TO A BROADER STRATEGY

State Center TOD Strategy, Baltimore MD"

§  More than transit §  Part of community’s

vision for growth §  Building partnerships

essential §  Basis to gain greater broader

support & success

TOD: a “means to an end” to achieving community objectives

City shaping with transit requiresa new approach to transit.

21ST CENTURY STATIONS

Quality designMake transit workCreate a placeConnect to the community

Navy Yard StationWashington, DC

Transit  riders:  the  market  for  TOD    

TOD MYTHS

UNDERSTANDING YOUR MARKET

§  Emerging Trends in Real Estate ‘10: –  "The future is about

green development, infill, & TOD" §  Majority of TOD residents

are childless –  Empty-nesters &

young urban professionals §  TOD households tend

to be higher income –  Reflects newer construction

Portland TOD Condo"

MILLENNIALS WANT URBAN

§  88% of Gen Y want to be in an urban setting §  1/3rd willing to pay for the ability to walk §  Huge market: 80m Gen Y v 76m Boomers

2011 National Association of Home Builders:

WHAT TOD RESIDENTS WANT

From Transit Community Resident Surveys:

§  Well designed communities §  Easy access to a center §  High quality residence §  Quality transit service §  Pedestrian Friendly §  Good price value

The Merrick"

Orenco Town Center"

“The ability to walk to a pint of milk”

TOD    needs  less  parking    

TOD MYTHS

Limited, managed parking §  Always  a  challenging  issue  §  Consider:  size,  loca%on,    

design  &  management  §  No  minimum  ra%os,  maximums    §  Disconnect  parking  from  buildings,  

manage  by  district      §  Park  ‘for  sale’  nearly  conven%onally    

PRINCIPLES FOR TOD a successful

10 Trips "

6.67 Trips "

3.55 Trips "

Single Family"

Multifamily "Multifamily TOD "

TODS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY

T O D h o u s i n g g e n e r a t e s 5 0 % l e s s a u t o t r a ffi c t h a n c o n v e n t i o n a l h o u s i n g

Dai

ly V

ehic

le T

rips "

TODS CREATE LESS TRAFFIC TOD residents are:

§  Twice as likely not to own a car as US Households

§  5 times more likely to commute by transit than others in region

Self-selection: §  Responsible for up to 40%

of TOD ridership bonus

Rio Vista, San Diego"

Columbia City, Seattle"

½  mile  is    the  TOD    walkshed    

TOD MYTHS

Compact pedestrian-oriented §  Block sizes for 5-minute walk"

•  Max of 400 ft block face"§  Orient buildings to sidewalks "§  Calm streets "§  Active street edges with wider

sidewalks "§  Retail & office closet to transit"

PRINCIPLES FOR TOD a successful

DISTANCE, USE & MODE SHARE

WMATA Survey – transit share decreases with distance §  First 600 ft really matters §  Office mode share drops about 1% every 100 ft §  ½ mile residential share 200% higher than office

Lesson: put office & retail closest to station "

Density  makes  TOD    viable      

TOD MYTHS

Medium to higher density §  Greater than community average"§  Distance to transit matters"§  To support transit on average:"

– 6 to 7 du/ac for frequent bus"– 9 to 25 du/ac for rapid transit"

§  Minimum density effective tool "

PRINCIPLES FOR TOD a successful

TRANSIT ALONE DOES NOT CREATE VALUE Value results from: §  Overall development market §  Land available for development §  Supportive plans & policies §  Designing transit for value

West Corridor, Denver"New Lynn Station, Auckland, NZ"

TRANSIT RENT PREMIUM

Locations within ½ mile of transit command much higher rents §  Washington D.C.

+28% rent premium §  Northern Virginia &

Montgomery Co + 40% rent premium

CoStar  Group  2011  

Navy  Yard  &  Waterfront  Metro  Stops    

RAIL DEVELOPMENT PREMIUM TriMet Blue Line study – Hillsboro to Gresham §  Found a 36% premium

over & above what could otherwise be expected without LRT –  Blue Line LRT:

36% increased rate of & density of development

Blue Line TOD"

TODs  maximize    mixed  use        

TOD MYTHS

Mix of uses §  Planners require it too often "§  Vertical or Horizontal"§  Most difficult TOD element"§  Great TOD benefits"

– More walking + ridership"– Reduced auto-use"

§  Prohibit auto-oriented uses closest to transit "

PRINCIPLES FOR TOD a successful

PEARL DISTRICT PORTLAND

Mixed-Use TOD Public & private partnership

–  Housing –  Infrastructure –  Parks

§  Since1997 –  $1B+ Devlp –  3,000+ units

§  Tight parking §  22% affordable

We  need    rail  before    we  do  TOD    

TOD MYTHS

DON’T NEED TO WAIT FOR TRANSIT

§  Transit-Oriented

§  Pedestrian-Oriented

§  Development-Oriented

""

T    O    D                                P    O    D                            D    O    T    

Same planning & development fundamentals apply

These      ideas  won’t  work  here  

TOD MYTHS

FIRM BASE TO DRAW ON

§  Market  preference    for  urban  housing  

§  Lot’s  of  experience    to  draw  from    

§  Demographics  trends    are  favorable    

§  Federal  policy  support        

Blue Line, Twin Cities"

COMMUNITY BUILDING + PEOPLE MOVING

§  Trends are on your side §  Plan for the pedestrian §  Leverage the power of partnerships §  Raise your aspirations §  Make TOD legal & easy §  Develop a strategy equal to the task

Melbourne AU, Seattle, Portland"

ar r ington .gb@gmai l .com gbp lacemak ing .com 971-282-5118

THANK YOU